PURPOSSIVE 4-5

• Aldous Huxley (1894-1963) explored the idea of visual communication and sight-related theories. He was one of the most influential intellectuals to have explored the field of visual communication.
• CAVE PAINTINGS

  There are discoveries of cave paintings in many places around the world which can be traced back to around 40,000 years ago.
• Cave paintings are believed to be a primitive form of communication that were etched or drawn on cave walls and ceilings. It includes representations of animals, landscapes, and religious images among others.
• PETROGLYPHS GEOGLYPHS

  These are images carved on rocks believed to have been originated by the Neolithic people from 10 000 to 12 000 years ago.
• Geoglyphs - These are drawings or designs on the ground produced by arranging gravel, stones, or soil. The purpose of geoglyphs is rather uncertain, although some researchers believe that they were built for religious purposes.
• PICTOGRAMS. images that represent physical objects, resembles what they signify.
• IDEOGRAMS. pictures that represent ideas regardless of a specific language, and were the basis of early written symbols.
• LOGOGRAM. a character that represents a word or a morpheme, which stands in contrast to other writing systems like alphabet where each symbol represents a sound or a combination of sounds.
• Cuneiforms - One of the world's easiest systems of writing is the cuneiform script invented by the Sumerians. They did so not to write stories or letters but to organize labor and resources.
• Hieroglyphics - It contains a combination of logographic, alphabetic, and ideographic elements used by the ancient Egyptians. As writing developed and became more widespread, simplified glyph forms developed and they eventually became the basis on which Phoenicians structured the modern alphabetic system.
• Visual communication is now one of the most common forms of transmitting ideas and information.
• In an academic context, the study of symbols and visual communication is called semiotics.
• The purpose of semiotics is to analyze how people make meaning out of images and symbols, and how those images and symbols are analyzed and interpreted. Lester (2014)
• PERSONAL PERSPECTIVE

  • This view points that the analysis of an image depends on the individual's thoughts and values and the way he or she looks at

  things using his or her own personal lens.
• HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

  • This refers to the determination of the importance of the work based on the medium's timeline. Historical perspective may be

  used to support a personal perspective which may make it more valid.
• TECHNICAL PERSPECTIVE

  This perspective takes into account how different media convey messages differently based on the platform used.

  • The analysis of image takes into consideration its different technical aspects like lighting, focus, tone, position and presentation.
• ETHICAL PERSPECTIVE

  • This considers the moral and ethical responsibilities shared by the artist or the producer of the image, the subject, and the

  viewer.
• CULTURALPERSPECTIVE

  • This brings to the fore idea that all cultures use symbols to communicate meanings within groups.
• CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE

  • This perspective allows the audience to look at the larger issues associated with the image, meaning, the issues transcend the

  image and shape a reasoned personal reaction.
• Ethics deals with the issues of right and wrong in human affairs.
• Public Speaking- One form of communication wherein one delivers a message/speech in front of an audience .
• Skilled public speaker has the ability to get cross his/her message effectively to an interest  audience so as the audience can arrive at good decision thus influence people’s outlook and character.
• Styles and Strategies play important role to achieve the power to influence your audience to act and to do something.
• Efficient and Effective delivery requires the use of both audible and the visible codes.
• Pitch this refers to the highness or lowness of the tone of the voice.
• Volume this refers to the loudness or softness of the sound. 
• Rate this refers to the speed at which words are spoken. 
• Pause this refers to the temporary stop on the vocal delivery, 
• Animation this refers to the liveliness of the voice. 
• Vocal Clarity this refers to proper communication. 
• Vocal Quality this refers to the distinct characteristics of one’s voice.
• According to BDO, Seidman, & LLP (2009), people who deliver speeches look at themselves as the “center stage”.