Disease, defence and treatment (2.8)

• Where are micro organisms found?

  In the gut to help with digestion
• What are pathogens?

  Micro organisms that are disease causing
• What are the 4 types of pathogen?

  Virus, bacteria, fungus and protist
• What is are examples of a virus?

  HIV, chicken pox, flu, aids
• What is are examples of bacterium?

  Salmonella, tuberculosis, cholera, chlamydia
• What is are examples of fungus?

  Athlete's foot, thrush
• What is an example of protist?

  Malaria
• When would you take antibiotics?

  For a bacterial infection e.g chest or ear
• What does a bacteria structure include?

  Cell wall, cytoplasm, DNA and a cell membrane
• What does a virus structure include?

  Protein coat and genetic material
• Where can a virus reproduce?

  Only in a host
• How is a virus transmitted?

  Contact, droplets and sexual intercourse
• How is bacteria transmitted?

  Contaminated food and water, contact and natural flora
• What is flora?

  Good bacteria we produce
• How is fungi transmitted?

  Contact
• What does the structure of a fungi include?

  Cell wall, cell membrane and nuclei
• How is protist transmitted?

  Female mosquito bites
• Influenza

  Virus, affects upper respiratory tract, droplet, quarantine and vaccine
• Malaria

  Protist, red blood cells and liver, female mosquito bite, insect repellent
• Tuberculosis

  Bacteria, lungs and neck lymphnodes, droplets, BCG vaccine
• Cholera

  Bacteria , gut, contaminated food and water, good hygiene and treatment of water
• Aids

  Virus, lymphocytes, blood contact and sexual intercourse, use of condoms
• Chlamydia

  Bacteria, reproductive organs, sexual intercourse, use of condoms
• What is the treatment for malaria?

  Drugs
• What are the treatments for tuberculosis?

  Antibiotics
• What is the treatment for cholera?

  Rehydration
• What is the treatment for aids?

  Antiviral drugs
• What is the treatment for chlamydia?

  Antibiotics
• What is the treatment for influenza (flu)?

  None
• What are some natural defence mechanisms we have?

  Blood clotting, skin, eyelashes, tears, stomach acid
• What is the immune system?

  Body's defence system against any foreign body e.g pathogens
• What are the 2 types of white blood cells?

  Phagocytes and lymphocytes
• What do phagocytes do?

  Absorb waste material and harmful micro organisms
• What do lymphocytes do?

  Attack pathogens by producing antibodies
• What is the body's initial response to pathogens?

  Phagocytes- fast and non specific. They bind to the pathogen and engulf it. Enzymes inside the cell break down the pathogen to destroy it
• What is the body's 2nd response to pathogens?

  Lymphocytes- produce antibodies, takes 1 week, specific. Clone themselves to make enough antibodies to destroy the antigen
• What is an antigen?

  A protein on the surface of a substance e.g pathogen that triggers an immune response
• What is a vaccination?

  A mixture of microbes that normally cause disease but have been treated so they are harmless
• Why are vaccinations used?

  To make a person immune to a disease
• Who created small pox vaccine?

  Edward Jenner