science staar test

• Atom

  small particle that everything is made of

  
• Proton

  positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus with a mass of one amu

  
• Neutron

  neutral charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus with a mass of one amu

  
• Electron

  negatively charged subatomic particle found orbiting around with a mass that is very very small

  
• Valence Electron

  electrons found on the outer most shell of an atom

  
• Atomic Mass

  protons + neutrons
• Atomic Number

  number of protons
• Highly Reactive


  1 or 7 valence electrons
• Stable

  8 valence electrons
• Metals


  ductile, malleable, shiny and good conductors(left of Zig-Zag)

  
• Metalloids


  share properties of both metals and nonmental(on Zig-Zag)

  
• Non-Metals


  dull, not ductile, not malleable and poor conductors(Right of Zig-Zag)

  
• Elements


  made of one type of atom with a capital letter (ex: B, Lb, H)

  
• Compounds


  made of more than one type of atom with more than one capital letter (ex: KF, NsCl, HO)

  
• 6 Evidence of Chemical Reactions

  1. Light

  2. Bubbles

  3. Color change

  4. Odor/Taste

  5. Forms a solid (precipitate)

  6. Temperature change
• 5 Physical Changes


  1. State of Matter

  2. Solubility (how easily it dissolves)

  3. Size

  4. Shape

  5. Same substance

  
• Potential Energy


  energy of an object at rest (not moving)

  
• Kinetic Energy


  energy of an object in motion

  
• Speed


  distance/time

  
• Force


  (mass)x(acceleration)

  
• Density


  mass/volume
• Balanced Forces


  opposite forces are equal, causes things to remain at rest or at a constant speed

  
• Unbalanced Forces


  opposite forces are unequal, causes things to speed up or slow down

  
• Acceleration Defintion

  change in speed
• Velocity defintion


  speed with a direction
• Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia)


  an object at rest or in motion remains until acted on by an outside force
• Newton's Second Law (F = M/A)

  it requires more force to slow down or speed up an object with more mass
• Newton's Third Law (Action/Reaction)


  for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
• Waxing


  light is on the right getting BRIGHT

  
• Waning


  sounds like raining light on the left getting DARK

  
• Crescent Moon

  less than half of moon is seen

  
• Quarter Moon


  half of the moon is seen

  
• Gibbous Moon


  most of the moon is seen

  
• HR Diagram


  tool we use to classify stars; compares stars luminosity and temperature

  
• Plate Tectonics


  explains the structure of earths crust and why earth's features shift

  
• Divergent Boudaries


  plates move away from one another, making trenches and mid-ocean rifts

  
• Convergent Boundaries


  plates move toward one another, making mountains and volcanoes

  
• Transform Boundaries


  plates sliding against one another, making earthquakes and fault lines

  
• Topographic Maps


  way to map out and show elevation

  
• Weather Maps


  way to show and predict upcoming weather patterns