Module 4

• Biodiversity


  The variety of life in a certain area of ecosystem
• Biodiversity


  • Renders direct and indirect values or standards to humans
  • Helps maintain a healthy environment
• Species


  A group of living organisms containing similar individuals capable of interbreeding
• Levels of biodiversity

  • Genetic diversity
  • Species diversity
  • Ecosystem diversity
• Genetic diversity

  The variability or variety of versions of the same genes within species
• Species diversity

  The variety of species or organisms within an ecosystem
• Ecosystem diversity

  The variety of habitats or ecosystems that exist within the biosphere
• Species

  The contingents or class of animals and plants, which usually establishing subdivisions of genus, having common and permanent traits that can be distinguished from other groups
• species

  Species are the groups of actually and potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively separated from such groups
• Typological or Morphological species concept


  Species are distinctive from other organisms based on their physical characteristics
• Phylogenetic or Evolutionary species concept


  Two or more groups that evolved independently from an ancestral population can be considered and classified as belonging to various species
• Ecological species concept


  Species are groups of populations that have similar ecological requirements and nutritional needs
• Classification


  The process of grouping and putting things in order
• Basis for classification of living organisms

  • Appearance
  • Reproduction
  • Mobility
  • Functionality
• Levels of classification of living things

  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Classes
  • Order
  • Families
  • Genus
  • Species

  
• Hierarchical taxonomic system


  An ordered group of taxonomic ranks which classify living forms from general to specific

  
• Taxonomic hierarchy categories


  • Domain
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species

  
• Domain


  The largest category that splits organisms into three groups: Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya
• Bacteria domain


  All bacteria belong to this domain, made up of prokaryotes that usually have a cell wall and reproduce by cell division
• Archaea domain


  Composed of prokaryotes that vary from bacteria in their genetics and cell wall composition, living in harsh environments
• Eukarya domain


  Organisms with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, more complex cells compared to prokaryotes
• Kingdoms


  • Animalia
  • Plantae
  • Fungi
  • Protista
  • Monera
• 
  

  Father of Modern Taxonomy for developing the hierarchical system of classification
• The sequence of categories in increasing or decreasing order is called Taxonomic hierarchy

  
• The basic unit of classification
• use physical similarities to classify species

  Typological or Morphological Species Concept
• Use shared, unique genetic history of classifying species.

  Phylogenetic Species Concept
• Use the same ecological role or niche to classify species.

  Ecological Species Concept
• Father of Modern Taxonomy for developing the hierarchical system of classification

  Carolus Linnaeus