The strength of a covalent bond depends on the number of shared pairs of electrons.
Double covalent bonds have twice the strength of single covalent bonds.
Covalent bonding
The bonds between atoms are strong.
Covalent Bonding
Covalently bonded substances may consist of small molecules.
Covalent Bonding
Some covalently bonded substances have very large molecules such as polymers.
Covalent Bonding
Some covalently bonded substances have giant covalent structures, such as diamond and silicon dioxide.
Chlorine molecule is Cl2
Hydrogen molecule is H2
Oxygen molecule is O2
Nitrogen molecule is N2
A molecule of Hydrogen Chloride is HCl
A molecule of water is H2O
Ammonia molecule is NH3
A methane molecule is CH4
Giant covalent structures
Substances that consist of them are solids with very high melting points
Giant covalent structures
All of the atoms in these structures are linked to other atoms by strong covalent bonds, these bonds must be overcome to melt or boil these substances.
Giant covalent structures (examples)
Diamond and graphite (forms of carbon) and silicon dioxide (silica)
