Geography - Development

• What is development? 


  Improvement in the standard of living of people in a country.
• What is a developed country?

  A developed country has a high standard of living, good housing, education, high life expectancy.
• What is a developing country? 


  Has a lower standard of living, lack of healthcare, education, and a low life expectancy.
• What are examples of economic factors?

  Factors related to money, - wealth
• What are examples of social factors?

  Factors related to people, - literacy rates
• Examples of social indicators of living? 


  Life expectancy, infant mortality rate, calories pp, ethnicity, religion, culture, etc.
• Examples of economic indicators of living?

  GDP, GNP, unemployment rate, inflation rate, poverty rate.
• What is GDP?


  Gross Domestic Product, - how much money a country makes.
• What is GNP?


  Gross National Product, - GDP of any money that has been earned by investment abroad, minus income earned by non-nationals within the nation.
• What is GNP per capita?

  Calculated as GNP divided by population, usually in US Dollars
• Birth and Death rates?

  per 1,000 people, and can tell the overall measurement of healthcare and education
• What is HDI?


  Human Development Index, - a statistic that measures social and economic development.
• What does HDI consist of?

  Mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, education, income, and life expectancy at birth
• Infant mortality rate?


  Number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births in a given year.
• Literacy rates?


  Percentage of people who are able to read.
• Life expectancy? 


  Can tell the healthcare, sanitation level, and provision of care for the elderly in a country.
• What is Worldmapper?


  Collection of World maps called Cartograms, where territories are resized according to subject of interest.
• What is the development gap?

  The difference between developed and developing countries in the world.
• What is HIC?


  High Income Countries
• What is LIC?


  Low income countries
• How could the development gap be reduced?

  Investment, aid, debt relief, fair trade, and micro-finance loans
• What are the reasons for the development gap?

  Colonialism, geographic, historical, cultural, and institutional problems.
• Colonialism? 


  Colonisation caused the loss and deprivation of essential resources, such as gold, diamond, cobalt, etc.
• Geographic?


  Tropical - diseases (killing off livestock) more carbohydrates in the plants (weaker, harder to farm), extreme weathers (poor agriculture), countries under 16C are more likely to wealthier

  Land locked countries - reducing trade

  Development gap (%) - 30%
• Historical?


  Links in with Colonialism
• Cultural? 


  dependancy on religion, lack of equality, less religion in the country, more likely to be wealthier, except USA.

  Development gap (%) - 20%
• Institutional? 


  corruption, - money isn’t invested into country, unattractive to foreign business, offshore bank accounts (wealth is taxed), and clan-based thinking.

  Development gap (%) - 50%