Enzymes

• Movement


  Any action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place
• Respiration


  The release of energy from breaking down carbohydrates inside the living cells; it may be aerobic in presence of oxygen or anaerobic in absence of oxygen
• Sensitivity


  The ability to detect and respond to stimuli (changes in the external or internal environment)
• Growth


  The permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both
• Reproduction


  The ability to produce offspring, make more of the same kind of organism may be sexual or asexual
• Excretion


  The removal from organisms of the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration), toxic materials and substances in excess
• Nutrition


  The obtaining of organic substances and mineral ions to get energy and raw materials for growth and tissue repair
• DNA


  The chemical from which genes and chromosomes are made
• Species


  A group of similar organisms that can interbreed together giving fertile offspring
• Binomial Nomenclature


  A method of giving every organism two Latin names
• Cell


  The structural and functional unit of all living organisms
• Tissue


  Group of cells that are similar in structure and function
• Organ


  Group of different tissues working together to perform specific functions
• Organ system


  Group of different organs with related functions working together to perform body functions
• Diffusion


  The net movement of molecules from the region of high concentration to the region of low concentration down the concentration gradient; it is a passive process
• Active Transport


  The net movement of molecules from the region of low concentration to the region of high concentration against the concentration gradient through protein carriers; it is an active process using energy from respiration
• Osmosis


  The movement of water molecules from high water potential to low water potential down water potential gradient through a partially permeable membrane
• Enzyme


  A protein that acts as a biological catalyst
• Catalyst


  A chemical that speeds up the chemical reaction without being used up or chemically changed
• Active site


  The part of an enzyme molecule into which substrate fits
• Balanced Diet


  A diet that contains all the necessary nutrients in their right amounts and supplies the body with the amount of energy needed depending on age, gender and occupation
• Malnutrition


  When there is a decrease or increase of a particular type of food
• Starvation


  Complete deprivation of nutrients for a long period of time
• Nutrition


  Obtaining organic substances and mineral ions needed to get energy and raw materials needed for growth and tissue repair
• Autotrophic nutrition


  Organisms that make their own organic food from inorganic materials
• Heterotrophic Nutrition


  Organisms obtaining food from other organisms
• Photosynthesis


  Process by which green plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light
• Limiting factor


  Any external factor given in a short supply limiting the effect of the other factors
• Peristalsis


  Wave of alternative contraction and relaxation of circular and longitudinal muscles of the alimentary canal to push food forward
• Ingestion


  Taking in food into the mouth
• Mechanical digestion


  The breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecule, to increase surface area for faster enzyme activity
• Chemical digestion


  Breaking down large, insoluble, complex food molecules to small, simple soluble ones to be easily absorbed, by diffusion & active transport
• Absorption


  The movement of small molecules and ions through the wall of the intestine into blood, by diffusion & active transport
• Assimilation


  Making use of the digested and absorbed food in the body cells
• Egestion


  Getting rid of undigested, unwanted material through the anus
• Diarrhea


  The loss of watery feces; it causes dehydration and is treated by oral rehydration therapy
• Deamination


  A metabolic reaction that takes place in the liver, in which the nitrogen-containing part of amino acids is removed to form urea, followed by the release of energy from the remainder of the amino acid
• Dental Decay


  Softening and dissolving the enamel and dentine of a tooth causing cavities
• Transpiration


  Loss of water as water vapor from leaves through stomata by diffusion down water potential gradient
• Translocation


  The transport of sucrose and amino acids from source to sink in the phloem