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• What is the centre of an atom called?

  Nucleus
• What are the charges on protons, electrons and neutrons

  Protons= +1

  Electrons= -1

  Neutrons= 0
• What are the relative masses of protons, electrons and neutrons

  Protons= 1

  Electrons= 0.0005

  Neutrons= 1
• Why are atoms neutral?

  Because when the protons, electrons and neutrons charge they equal 0 overall -1+1+0= 0 so the atom is neutral
• What is an element

  A substance containing only one type of atom
• What is a compound

  A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined/ joined
• What are the columns in the periodic table called and what do the elements in these groups have in common

  The columns are called groups and in each group all of the elements in a certain group have similar chemical properties
• What is unique to each element in terms of particles inside an atom?

  depending on the element its self some may have more electrons, more protons or even more neutrons.
• Where are the metals found in the periodic table

  In the large block between groups 2-3
• Why are group 0 elements (noble gases) unreactive?

  Because they already have a full shell of electrons so they don't need to gain or share electrons therefore making them unreactive
• How can we find the number of protons or electrons an element has?

  The number of protons and electrons are the same in a neutral element we work out the number of protons and electrons by looking at the atomic number which they are the same as. Eg: atomic no.11

  Protons=11

  Electrons=11
• How can we find the number of neutrons an electron has

  Mass number- atomic number
• What are the rules for filling the 1st, 2nd and 3rd electron shells

  1st shell- up to 2 electrons

  2nd shell- up to 8 electrons

  3rd shell- up to 8 electrons
• Why do elements react?

  Because elements want to gain or share electrons in order to fill their outer shells so they react to gain them or share them.
• What does the group number of an element tell us about the electron arrangement

  The number of shells is the same as the period number and the number of electrons in the outer most shell is the same as the group number.
• Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15. Give its electronic structure

  2,8,5
• What type of bond forms when a non metal and a metal react together and what happens in terms of electrons

  When a metal and a non-metal react they form ionic bonds the electrons from the metal also go to the non-metal.
• What type of bond forms when two non metals react together and what happens in terms of electrons

  When two non metals react together they form a covalent bond they also share a pair or electrons.
• Aluminium has an atomic number of 13 and a mass number of 27. Give the number of protons, neutrons and electrons

  Protons-13

  Neutrons-14

  Electrons- 13
• Describe what happens in terms of electrons when sodium and chlorine react

  The chlorine will gain one electron from the sodium. The outer shell of the chlorine will then be full. When the sodium looses its electron the shells then become full.