chapter 14

• What is the projective hypothesis?

  ”when we see things that are ambiguous, we interpret them based on our own personalities.”
• What was the whipple?

  first inkblot personality test (1910
• For the Rorschach Inkblot test, the images had to be reduced from?

  20 to 10 because the published said it needed to be cut down for economic purposes. it was too expensive to produce them all.
• For administration of the Rorschach Inkblot test?

  the subject was show the image twice and used free association phase and the inquiry phase.
• Rorschach Inkblot: what is the free association phase?

  examiner records every word or sound made by subject (verbatim content), examiner records reaction time, examiner records the position of the card when a response is made (orientation: upside down, sideways, etc.)
• Rorschach Inkblot: what is the inquiry phase?

  content (what it is), location (where the perception was seen), determinant (why they responded the way that they did), quality (to what extent the response matched the stimulus properties of the inkblot), frequency (to what extent the response was popular or original).
• What is one explanation for success of the Rorschach Inkblot test?

  Barnum Effect; philosophy that there should be something for everybody. (rate how much the personality traits describes them on 1 to 5, all of them said the same score, make a lot of statements, some are probably true, no success in a lab [controlled] settings." NO TEST RELIABILITY!!
• What are some findings on the Rorscach?

  logic seems reasonable but NO PREDICTION! (does not detect mental illness). clinicians trust their intuition (but experts differ widely in interpretations). IT OVERPATHOLOGIZES! --> finding mental illness where there isn't one.
• Over half of the people who take the Rorschach have no previous?

  mental health symptoms will come up wit mental illness result.
• The Rorschach has no incremental?

  validity over the MMPI, and no control fro "R' (multiple responses).
• Rorschach uses meta analyses but?

  no reliable detection of disorders (tying a bunch of studies together. if you have six studies of 100 people, then you have 600 people).
• Most clinical psychologist use the ?

  Rorschach to get the patient talking.
• What is Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)?

  focuses on personality and needs (not pathology). given cards, told to tell a story based on the ambiguous image of people. based on Murray's theory of needs [someone interpreting the image as they are missing the person they love, so it would be need for attention from the person they love.]
• The TAT has?

  30 drawings and 1 blank card. specific cards designed for male, others, or female subjects. scoring is not well- standardized, and has conflicting interpretations like the Rorschach (the way people respond is graded differently from the experts). NO TEST RELIABILITY!
• What are other projective tests?

  word association test, sentence completion tasks, figure drawing tests
• Other projectives: what is the word association test?

  purpose of word association tests is to infer possible disturbances and areas of conflict from and individuals response to specific words.
• Other projectiles: what are sentence completion tasks?

  complete the sentence, responses are meant to show the person's needs, conflicts, values and thought processes. has scoring procedures (7 point scale system, short sentence with humor and positive content get higher point, long and complex sentences with negative or depressed content receive lowest scores.)
• Other projectives: what are the different figure drawing tests?

  draw a person test, house tree person test, kinetic family drawing test
• Other projectiles: what is the draw a person test?

  subjects (mostly children) asked to draw a picture of a person, laster asked to tell a story about the person.
• Other projectiles: what is the house tree person tests?

  draw a picture of a house, tree, and a person and then makeup a story about it.
• Other projectives: what is the kinetic family drawing test?

  subject draws a picture of his or her family.
• Other projectiles: drawing tests are score on several dimensions, such as?

  absolute size, relative size, omissions, and disproportions. there was a tendency to over- interpret meaning.
• Other projectives: what is one test that has been proven to valid and useful in clinical settings?


  draw a man test