RAW

• Pattern of Development in writing


  The particular strategy writers use to develop ideas. It is logical arrangement of thoughts.
• Narration


  • Tells a story
• Setting


  • The time and location in which a story takes place
• Character


  • The significant element of the story. A story features a main character, protagonist, and a character that goes against the protagonist is the antagonist.
• Plot


  • The logical series of events having a beginning, middle, and, end
• Point of View


  • The perspective of the writer in narrating the story
• 5 Parts of Plot

  • Exposition (beginning of the story)
  • Rising action (form of action)
  • Climax (culmination of events)
  • Falling action (occurs immediately after the climax and details the consequences -- good or bad)
  • Resolution (conflict is resolved)
• Description


  Provides details on the idea by using either a sensory or spatial pattern. Objective (describes something without conveying the writer's own emotions) or Subjective (conveys feelings and emotions about a person, place, or thing)
• Definition


  Helps to clarify concepts by answering the questions
• Exemplification


  Presents the general statement and then provides specific and concrete examples to expound on the main idea. It is used to provide an example of something.
• Cause and Effect


  A cause is a reason for, or events leading up to. An effect is the results of a cause or causes.
• Comparison & Contrast


  A compare and contrast essay is designed to see the links between two different theories or ideas. Point by Point (writing back and forth between the two subjects) or Block paragraph (only discusses one topic and then finishes the paragraph with the other subject that is to be compared or contrasted with the first)
• Problem-solution paragraph


  Presents a problem and describes two or more possible solutions to that problem
• Persuasive paragraph


  Tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration
• Pattern of Well-Written Text

  • Organization (structural framework for writing)
  • Text structure (framework of a text's beginning, middle, and end)
  • Coherence - overall sense of unity Cohesion - connection of ideas
• Claims in Written Text

  • Explicit (clearly stated, direct)
  • Implicit (implied, suggested, indirect)
  • Fact (statement that can be proven true or false)
  • Opinion (judgment or belief not necessarily based on fact or knowledge)
  • Argument (presentation of opinion using language)
  • Persuasion (emotional state where reader is moved to agree with a belief or position)
  • Debatable Claim (opinion based on personal experience and values, supported with evidence)
  • Evidence (details, facts, reasons, statistics, expert research, personal experience that support a debatable claim)
  • Credible Sources (cited and properly attributed websites, reports, articles developed by experts)
• Three Types of Claims

  • Fact claim (verifiable through evidence)
  • Value claim (quantifiable assertion about a moral)
  • Policy claim (assertion about a course of action the reader should take)
• Claims in texts are significant in supporting propositions/arguments. main argument of a text.
• Description:

  Objective It describes something without conveying the writer’s own emotions. Subjective it conveys feelings and emotions about a person, place, or thing
• Transitions - (words that connect one idea to another). Repetitions - (word, phrase, or full sentence repeated to highlight importance)

  Synonyms - (words similar in meaning to important words or phrases)

  Pronouns - (used to connect sentences by referring to preceding nouns and pronouns)

  Parallel Structures - (matching words, phrases, clauses, or sentence structures to express similar ideas)

  Language use - (appropriateness of word/vocabulary usage)

  Mechanics - conventions that have to be considered. (spelling, punctuation, capitalization)