Biology

• Central Nervous System - Main processing center for the entire nervous system
• Brain - organ located within the skull that functions as organizer and distributor
• Cerebrum - Large, upper part of the brain that controls activity and thoughts
• Cerebellum - the part under the cerebrum that controls posture, balance, and coordination
• Brain Stem - the part that connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls automatic functions
• Spinal Cord - serves as channel for signals between the brain and the rest of the body
• Peripheral Nervous System - connects the CNS to the organs and limbs
• Somatic Nervous System - system associated with the voluntary control of the body movements
• Autonomic Nervous System - system associated with the involuntary control of the body
• Cranial Nerve - the nerve fibers that carry info. into and out of the brain stem
• Parasympathetic - maintains body functions and restores the body to normal
• Sympathetic - it is activated when the body is in a dynamic role or stress
• Spinal Nerve - the nerves that carry motor and sensory signals between the spinal cord and the body
• Dendrites - carry impulses toward the cell body
• Axons - carry impulses away from the body
• Nerves is a bundles of Axons together into cable like
• Nerve Impulse - combination of an electrical charge and a chemical reaction
• Neurotransmitter - when a nerve impulse comes to the end of an Axon
• the chemical crosses the space between Synapse and stimulates the Nerve Impulse
• Stimulus - is any factor in the environment that may trigger a nerve impulse
• Response - is a reaction to a stimulus
• Reaction Time - length of time between application of a stimulus and detection response
• Myelin Sheath - insulating layer around the axon of neuron
• Axon Terminal - the end of the axon that receives the signal from the axon
• Endocrine System - composed of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
• the pituitary is often called the "master gland." The hormones it makes control many other endocrine glands.
• Thyroid - regulates body metabolism, and causes storage of calcium in bones
• Parathyroid - controls the calcium levels in your body
• Thymus - enable the body to produce certain antibodies
• Adrenal - prepares the body for action, controls the heart rate and breathing in times of emergency
• Pancreas - regulates blood sugar levels
• The pancreas makes insulin and glucagon which are hormones that control the level of glucose, or sugar, in the blood
• Puberty - marks a pivotal phase in human development

  characterized by profound hormonal changes and physical

  transformations. 
• Hormonal Imbalance - refers to a condition in which

  there is an abnormality or disruption in the levels or

  functioning of hormones within the body.
• Resting Membrane Potential - When a neuron is at rest, the inside of the neuron has a negative charge
• Action Potential - ions move across the cell membrane, leading to the inside of the neuron becoming positively charged
• Synaptic Neurotransmission - The process where electrical impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another
• Hemostasis - is a process to prevent and stop bleeding, meaning to keep blood within a damaged blood vessel. It is the first stage of wound healing. This involves coagulation, which changes blood from a liquid to a gel.
• Seminal Vesicle - Secretes a fluid that makes up most of the components of the semen
• Prostate Gland - secretes a slightly alkaline milky fluid that is discharged as part of the semen