GENETICS - MENDELIAN GENETICS

• Gene is a segment of DNA that has the information or codes for a protein
• A single molecule of a dna has a thousand genes
• DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
• The cycle of DNA is: DNA to RNA to PROTEINS
• Chromosomes are refrred to as form of DNA that forms in the nucleus when the cell is preparing to divide
• The shape or the DNA model is called a DOUBLE HELIX STRAND
• Humans have 46 chromosomes
• Half of your chronosomes are from your father and the other half is from your mother
• More than or less than 46 chromosomes cause disabilities like AUTISM or DOWNSYNDROME
• People with disabilities are caused by TRISONRY 21
• TRISONRY 21 is when the 21st pair of chromosomes either has more than or less than 2 chromosomes
• CHROMATIDS are two exact cipied of chromosomes that are connected together
• Centromere is the point in the middle where two sister chromatids are connected
• Chromosomes are ONLY visible when the cell is about to divide which is why we usually see them in their double form (?)
• Chromatids are made when new chromosomes are going to be made
• Diploid is equal to 2n, where n is equal to 23
• Haploid is equal to n where n is equal to 23
• N is equal to 23
• Diploids are your non sex cells or autosomes
• Diploids are your body cells excluding gender
• Your 23rd pair or last pair of chromosomes determines your gender
• Haploid are you sex cells
• Egg cells are the sex cells for females
• Sperm cells are the sex cells for male
• Homologous chromosomes are the same chromosomes paired togther
• Homologous chromosomes are also used for pairing chromosomes
• Homologous chromosomes are always present in diploid cells
• Kariogram is the arrangement of chromosomes from smallest to biggest
• Kariotype is the process of arranging chromosomes from smallest to biggest
• The father is the one that determines the childs gender since they have both x and y chromosomes
• Gregor Johan Mendel is an australian monk and the father of genetics because he discovered genes without the knowledge of DNA
• Genetics is the study if heredity and variation
• Gregor Mendel studied the traits of pea plants at age 21
• Why did mendel chose to study pea plants?

  • cheap price

  • reproduction is easy to control

  • only has 2 contrasting traits
• Alleles - alternate forms of a gene
• Dominant - much more visible
• Recessive - less visible
• Recessive - less visible
• Segregation - principle of splitting of autosomes
• Dominance - principle where a hereditary trait dominates