M4

• Primary Source

  • An original, uninterpreted, or first-hand material of information created by the person directly involved in an activity or an event.
  • It provides researchers and students a closer look at the original ideals and experiences of events based on the first-hand experiences of the person who created it.

  Examples: autobiographies, personal letters, diaries, and manuscripts.
• Secondary Sources

  •  An information obtained through several primary sources and has undergone editing or interpretation providing a different perspective for the readers.

  Examples: encyclopedias, newspaper articles, commentaries, and research articles
• Tertiary Sources

  • Consists of summaries and collections of both primary and secondary sources. These are not always considered to be acceptable materials for academic researchers as they only provide overviews of the original references.

  Examples: textbooks and modules.
• Library

  • According to The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (2003), a library is “a means of access to information, ideas, and works of imagination.”
• Internet

  • According to Shelly and Campbell (2012), internet is a global network of computers that allows computer users around the world to share information for various purposes.
• Indigenous Media

  • According to Wilson, et al. (2015), this refers to a form of media conceptualized, produced, and circulated by indigenous people as vehicles for communication, specifically for cultural preservation, cultural and artistic expression, political self-determination, and cultural sovereignty.
• TRIANGULATION

  • method used to question the validity, reliability, and accuracy of an information source.
• Validity

  • The extent to which measure, indicator, or method of data collection possesses the  quality of being sound or trustworthy as far as can be judged.
• Reliability

  • the extent to which a source exudes dependable, trustworthy, genuine, and reputable information gathering processes. As Pierce (2008) describes it, consistency is the primary measure of reliability.
• Accuracy

  • the closeness of the measurements to a specific value (Wikipedia) and the correctness of the output information (Bailey & Pearson, 1983).