Reproduction

• Sexual Reproduction is defined as the combination of genes from a male and female to produce fertile offspring.
• Sexual Reproduction involves the fusion of the male and female sex cells known as gametes
• What is Fertilization?

  Fertilization is the fusion of the nucleus of the sperm cell and the nucleus of the egg cell
• Fertilization results in the formation of a zygote.
• A zygote is a fertilized egg
• When an egg is developing, the immature egg is called the ova. When it has fully developed, it is called an ovum.
• The ovum is released from the ovary once per month to be fertilized. This process is known as Ovulation
• The 5 main parts of the female reproductive system are the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, and vagina.
• The Ovaries are two small almond shaped organs located on either side of the uterus that produce eggs and the hormones estrogen and progesterone
• Another name for the fallopian tubes is the Oviduct
• The Fallopian Tubes are narrow tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus. They are the site of fertilization.
• The Uterus is a pear shaped and muscular organ where a fertilized egg (zygote) implants itself and grows into a fetus
• The lining of the uterus is called the endometrium.
• The Cervix is the narrow, lower part of the uterus which opens up into the vagina. It is a ring of muscle that expands/dilates during childbirth
• The Vagina is a muscular, elastic canal that serves as the birth canal and a passage for menstrual blood and sexual intercourse.
• Determine the parts of the female reproductive system labeled 1-5

  1 Fallopian Tubes

  2 Ovaries

  3 Cervix

  4 Uterus

  5 Vagina

  
• The eight parts of the male reproductive system are the penis, the testes, the epididymis, the vas deferens, the seminal vesicles, the prostate and the urethra.
• The Testes/Testicles are located in the scrotum and produce sperm.
• The Scrotum is a thin external sac that holds the testes
• The scrotum helps to regulate the temperature of the testes for optimal sperm production
• Epididymis stores and transports mature sperm from the testes into the Vas Deferens
• Vas Deferens carries sperm from the Epididymis to the ejaculatory duct during ejaculation
• Seminal vessicles are located behind the bladder, they produce semen or seminal fluid.
• Semen or seminal fluid provides nutrients and protection for sperm
• The prostate gland is a peanut sized gland located below the bladder which also produces semen
• The Urethra is a tube connected to both sperm ducts and it 


  carries semen out of the body
• The penis is the male reproductive organ composed of hollow tissue that fills with blood leading to a erection
• The main purpose of the penis is to deposit sperm inside the vagina