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Anti-Infectives
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Cards (127)
Paul Erlich
- he discovered salvarsan, arsphenamine, and compound 606
Selective Toxicity
Father of Chemotherapy
Name of the compound
A)
Salvarsan
1
Atoxyl/Na Arsanilate
"Arsphenamine" - was used for sleeping sickness
Name of the structure
A)
Arsphenamine
1
Germicide
- anti-infective used locally
Anti-sepsis
- anti-infective used in living tissues
Disinfection
- anti-infective used on inanimate objects
Decontamination
- marked reduction of microorganisms
Sanitation
- reduction of microbial load on an inanimate object to a level acceptable for public use
Sterilization
- destruction of all types, including spores, of microbes with virus at low chance of survival
Pasteurization
- killing microbes by hot water ot steam at 65-100°C
Formalin, Alcohol, Phenol (FAP)
- strong coagulators
Phenol, Iodine, Cresol, Strong acids/bases
(PICS) - denaturant
Protein precipitation
- MOA of Alcohols and related compounds
Alcohols SAR: Increase in potency = Increase number of Carbon until
C8
Increase potency = Decrease
branching
Isopropyl Alcohol
- the exemption in Alcohols and related compounds
Name of structures
A)
Methanol
B)
Formaldehyde
C)
Formic acid
3
Ethyl alcohol "Ethanol, Grain Alcohol, Rectified spirit, Wine spirit, Spiritus vini rectificatus" preparations:
25% -
antipyretic
60-90% -
germicidal
70% -
disinfectant
95% -
commercial
use, forms azeotrope with H20
Name of structure
A)
Ethyl Alcohol
1
Isopropyl Alcohol "Rubbing Alcohol" preparations:
50-95% -
bactericidal
40% isopropyl oh =
60
% etoh
68-72% -
disinfectant
Name of structure
A)
Isopropyl Alcohol
1
Azeotropic Isopropyl Alcohol
- used on gauze pads for sterilization of the skin prior to hypodermic injections
Dehydrated Alcohol
"Absolute OH" - contains NLT 99% w/w ethyl alcohol
prepared by azeotropic distillation of ethyl alcohol and benzene
Diluted Alcohol
- mixture of Ethyl alcohol and Water 41-42% by weight
Glycerin
"Glycerol" - 1st polyhydric alcohol which can yield both an aldose and a ketose
used as a solvent and humectant
Name of structure
A)
Glycerin
1
Ethylene Oxide
- a gas sterilant for temperature-sensitive equipment
Increase reactivity = explodes in air at 3-80%
90% CO2 + 10% Ethylene Oxide =
Carboxide
(without explosion)
Name of structure
A)
Ethylene OXide
1
Ethylene Oxide MOA: alkylation of proteins and nucleic acid = Increase
carcinogenicity
Formaldehyde
"Formalin, Formol, Methanal" - disinfectant for rooms, clothing, surgical instruments but is irritating
usually contains NLT 37% with methanol to prevent polymerization
Formaldehyde MOA: direct nonspecific alkylation of nucleophilic functional group in proteins and acids to form
cabinol
derivatives
Glutaraldehyde
"Glutarol, Pentanedial" - superior to formaldehyde
effective against all microbes, spores, virus
for equipment that cannot be autoclaved
Name of structure
A)
Glutaraldehyde
1
Commercial Glutaraldehyde
- contains 2% glutaraldehyde buffered at pH 7.5-8
Phenol
and derivatives - MOA: Protein precipitant and denaturant
SAR: Increase activity = Addition of R or X group at PARA position
Phenol coefficient
- defined as the ratio of a disinfectant to the dilution of phenol to kill a given strain of the bacterium Salmonella typhi
Phenol
"Carbolic acid, Phenic acid" - is soluble in 1:15 in water
forms eutectic mixtures with many substances
Liquified Phenol
- contains 10% H2O
P-chlorophenol
- external antiseptic and anti-irritant with camphor in liquid petrolatum
Phenol coefficient =
4
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