Anti-Infectives

Cards (127)

  • Paul Erlich - he discovered salvarsan, arsphenamine, and compound 606
    • Selective Toxicity
    • Father of Chemotherapy
  • Name of the compound
    A) Salvarsan
  • Atoxyl/Na Arsanilate "Arsphenamine" - was used for sleeping sickness
  • Name of the structure
    A) Arsphenamine
  • Germicide - anti-infective used locally
  • Anti-sepsis - anti-infective used in living tissues
  • Disinfection - anti-infective used on inanimate objects
  • Decontamination - marked reduction of microorganisms
  • Sanitation - reduction of microbial load on an inanimate object to a level acceptable for public use
  • Sterilization - destruction of all types, including spores, of microbes with virus at low chance of survival
  • Pasteurization - killing microbes by hot water ot steam at 65-100°C
  • Formalin, Alcohol, Phenol (FAP) - strong coagulators
  • Phenol, Iodine, Cresol, Strong acids/bases (PICS) - denaturant
  • Protein precipitation - MOA of Alcohols and related compounds
  • Alcohols SAR: Increase in potency = Increase number of Carbon until C8
    • Increase potency = Decrease branching
  • Isopropyl Alcohol - the exemption in Alcohols and related compounds
  • Name of structures
    A) Methanol
    B) Formaldehyde
    C) Formic acid
  • Ethyl alcohol "Ethanol, Grain Alcohol, Rectified spirit, Wine spirit, Spiritus vini rectificatus" preparations:
    • 25% - antipyretic
    • 60-90% - germicidal
    • 70% - disinfectant
    • 95% - commercial use, forms azeotrope with H20
  • Name of structure
    A) Ethyl Alcohol
  • Isopropyl Alcohol "Rubbing Alcohol" preparations:
    • 50-95% - bactericidal
    • 40% isopropyl oh = 60% etoh
    • 68-72% - disinfectant
  • Name of structure
    A) Isopropyl Alcohol
  • Azeotropic Isopropyl Alcohol - used on gauze pads for sterilization of the skin prior to hypodermic injections
  • Dehydrated Alcohol "Absolute OH" - contains NLT 99% w/w ethyl alcohol
    • prepared by azeotropic distillation of ethyl alcohol and benzene
  • Diluted Alcohol - mixture of Ethyl alcohol and Water 41-42% by weight
  • Glycerin "Glycerol" - 1st polyhydric alcohol which can yield both an aldose and a ketose
    • used as a solvent and humectant
  • Name of structure
    A) Glycerin
  • Ethylene Oxide - a gas sterilant for temperature-sensitive equipment
    • Increase reactivity = explodes in air at 3-80%
  • 90% CO2 + 10% Ethylene Oxide = Carboxide (without explosion)
  • Name of structure
    A) Ethylene OXide
  • Ethylene Oxide MOA: alkylation of proteins and nucleic acid = Increase carcinogenicity
  • Formaldehyde "Formalin, Formol, Methanal" - disinfectant for rooms, clothing, surgical instruments but is irritating
    • usually contains NLT 37% with methanol to prevent polymerization
  • Formaldehyde MOA: direct nonspecific alkylation of nucleophilic functional group in proteins and acids to form cabinol derivatives
  • Glutaraldehyde "Glutarol, Pentanedial" - superior to formaldehyde
    • effective against all microbes, spores, virus
    • for equipment that cannot be autoclaved
  • Name of structure
    A) Glutaraldehyde
  • Commercial Glutaraldehyde - contains 2% glutaraldehyde buffered at pH 7.5-8
  • Phenol and derivatives - MOA: Protein precipitant and denaturant
    • SAR: Increase activity = Addition of R or X group at PARA position
  • Phenol coefficient - defined as the ratio of a disinfectant to the dilution of phenol to kill a given strain of the bacterium Salmonella typhi
  • Phenol "Carbolic acid, Phenic acid" - is soluble in 1:15 in water
    • forms eutectic mixtures with many substances
  • Liquified Phenol - contains 10% H2O
  • P-chlorophenol - external antiseptic and anti-irritant with camphor in liquid petrolatum
    • Phenol coefficient = 4