RPH LESSON 3

• History has to be OBJECTIVE
• But History has a subjective side
• Site of the 1st Catholic Mass

  • Limasawa
  • Butuan
• Ferdinand Magellan


  • Born in 1480 at Sabrosa, Portugal
  • From a family of minor Portuguese nobility
  • Planned to discover the east through the west route
  • Planned the idea to King Manuel Of Portugal but was not granted
• Magellan's expedition


  1. Trinidad

  2. San Antonio

  3. Victoria

  4. Concepcion

  5. Santiago

  
• • Saw Homonhon Island, Samar
  • European discovery of the International Date Line

  August 1519

  
• First Catholic Mass in the Philippines

  March 16, 1521
• First Catholic Mass in the Philippines, in celebration of the Easter Sunday


  March 31, 1521
• First Catholic Mass in the Philippines

  • Headed by Fr. Pedro Valderama
  • Marked the introduction of Christianity in the Philippines
• Francisco Albo


  • A pilot of one of Magellan's ship, Trinidad
  • In charge of sails, rigging, anchors, cables etc. and all work on deck of a sailing ship
• Antonio Pigafetta


  • An Italian nobleman, who accompanied Ferdinand Magellan in his fateful circumnavigation of the world
  • His travelogue is one of the most important primary sources in the study of the precolonial Philippines
  • His account is a major reference to the events leading to Magellan's arrival in the Philippines

  
• Pigafetta's account and Albo's log directly mention that the 1st Mass took place in Limasawa island, Leyte
• Magellan erected a cross at the top of a mountain in Limasawa
• In Colin's account Magellan went to Butuan then Limasawa and from then to Cebu

  
• In Combes account Magellan visits Limasawa, then Butuan and return to Limasawa and then to Cebu
• A monument to commemorate the site of the 1st mass on the Philippines was erected in Butuan
• In 2021, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines declared that the site is believed to be Limasawa
• Limasawa claim agrees with the modern navigational instruments of today
• Magellan was killed in the battle of Mactan against Lapu-lapu


  April 27, 1521
• The Victoria


  The last remaining ship of Magellan's expedition to return in spain
• Juan Sebastian Elcano


  The navigator whose expedition completed the first circumnavigation of the globe

  
• Mutiny


  A rebellion against the authorities, especially by soldiers against their officers
• The year of the Cavite Mutiny and the martyrdom of GOMBURZA


  1872
• Cavite Mutiny


  It was unsuccessful and many participants were executed
• Jose Montero's Account


  Cause of the rebellion: The removal of privileges enjoyed by the Filipino workers of the Cavite arsenal of exemption from the tribute
• Rafael Izquierdo's Account


  • The rebellion was motivated and prepared by the native priests, by the mestizos and native lawyers
  • Cause of the rebellion: Removal of the rights of the workers/soldiers in the Cavite arsenal to be exempt from paying tribute and to render forced labor (polo y servicio)
  • The plan of the workers/soldiers is to put as the head of the government a priest and that the head selected would be Jose Burgos or Jacinto Zamora
• Trinidad Tavera's Account


  • Cause of rebellion: the harsh policies of Governor General Izquierdo, such as the removal of privileges and the prohibition of the founding of the school of arts and trades for Filipinos
  • The Spanish friars and Izquierdo used the Cavite Mutiny as a way to solve other issues by exaggerating the isolated mutiny attempt
• Edmund Plauchut's Account


  • Cause of rebellion: A law passed by the Governor withdrew from such old employees such exemption
  • The friars used the incident as a part of a larger conspiracy to cement their dominance, which had started to show cracks because of the discontent of the Filipinos
• GOMBURZA


  • Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora
  • Prominent priest charged with treason and sedition
  • Tagged as the masterminds of the Cavite mutiny
  • Executed by garrote in public, a scene purportedly witnessed by a young Jose Rizal
  • Their martyrdom is widely accepted as the dawn of Philippine nationalism
• GOMBURZA


  • Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora
  • Prominent priests charged with treason and sedition
  • Tagged as the masterminds of the Cavite mutiny
• Garrotte


  Killing someone by strangulation typically by iron wire or cord
• The GOMBURZA were executed by garrotte in public, a scene purportedly witnessed by a young Jose Rizal
• Their martyrdom is widely accepted as the dawn of Philippine nationalism in the nineteenth century, with Rizal dedicating his second novel, El Filibusterismo, to their memory
• Cry of Pugadlawin


  • Originally the term refers to the first clash of the Katipuneros and the Guarda Civils
  • The cry could also refer to the tearing to tearing up community tax certificates (cedulas personales) in defiance to the Spanish government
  • Viva la Independencia Filipina", the cry for patriotic shouts
• The revolt grew in strength and spread in the following eight provinces: (MaBuCavPamTarLagBatNu)
• Retraction


  The act of withdrawing or taking back a statement or accusation
• Jose Rizal is identified as a hero of the revolution for his writings that focus on ending colonialism and liberating Filipino minds to contribute to creating the Filipino nation
• The great volume of Rizal's lifework was committed to this end, particularly the more influential ones, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
• His essays attacks not the Catholic religion, but the friars, the main agents of injustice in the Philippine society
• Jose Rizal: 'I declare myself a Catholic, and in this Religion in which I was born and educated I wish to live and die. I retract with all my heart whatever in my words, writings, publications and conduct has been contrary to my character as a son of the Catholic Church. I believe and I confess whatever she teaches, and I submit to whatever she demands. I abominate Masonry, as the enemy of the Church, and as a Society prohibited by the Church. The Diocesan Prelate may, as the Superior Ecclesiastical Authority, make public this spontaneous manifestation of mine in order to repair the scandal which my acts may have caused and so that God and the people may pardon me.'