CHAPTER 2: TOURISM AND TOURISM PROFESSIONAL

• According to United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) - tourism is a  which entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes. These people are called visitors (which may be either tourists or excursionists, residents or non residents) and tourism has to do with their activities, some of which involve tourism expenditure.
• •        The "umbrella concept of tourism where various sectors, either directly or indirectly participate in tourism activities, are linked, and thus "due to this interdisciplinary and complex subject, defining tourism is critical, as the meaning of tourism might differ depending on the field of study" - (Ghanem 2017)
• TOURISM ACT OF 2009 (RA 9593) - identifies the tourism enterprises and classifies them as primary or secondary.
• "travel and tour services; land, sea, and air transport services exclusively for tourist use; accommodation establishments; convention and exhibition organizers, tourism estate management services, and such other enterprises as may be identified by the Secretary, after due consultation with concerned sectors - PRIMARY ENTERPRISES
• ASEAN MUTUAL RECOGNITION ARRANGEMENT ON TOURISM PROFESSIONALS (MRA-TP) - was signed by ASEAN Tourism Ministers in November 2012 which aims to facilitate the mobility of Tourism Professionals and the exchange of information on best practices in competency-based education and training for Tourism Professionals and provide opportunities for cooperation and capacity building across ASEAN Member States.
• ASEAN MRA TP - Is one of ASEAN’s initiatives designed to enable the mobility of employment for skilled tourism labour across the ASEAN Region.
• there are -32 job titles - under the MRA-TP
• MRA-TP 6 LABOUR DIVISIONS

  1.     HOUSEKEEPER

  2.     FOOD AND BEVERAGE SERVICES

  3.     FOOD CARVING

  4.     FRONT OFFICE

  5.     TOUR OPERATOR

  6.     TRAVEL
• The ACCSTP Framework - lists the minimum common competency standards that should be widely used in the region to allow the skills, knowledge and attitudes (competence) of tourism professionals to be assessed, recognised and equated to comparable qualifications in other ASEAN countries in order for MRA-TP to function
• The ASEAN Common Competency Standards for Tourism Professionals (ACCSTP) - is based on the concept of competency the knowledge, skills attitudes that individuals must have, or must acquire, to perform effectively
• competency framework - is a structure that sets out and defines each individual competency (such as problem solving, checking in hotel guests or managing people) required by individuals working in a tourism organization or part of an organization
• CORE COMPETENCIES - that industry has agreed are essential to be achieved if a person is to be accepted as competent in a particular primary division of labour. They are directly linked to key occupational tasks and include units such as ‘work effectively with colleagues and customers, and implement occupational health and safety procedures
• GENERIC COMPETENCIES - that industry has agreed are essential to be achieved if a person is to be accepted as competent at particular secondary division of labour. The name ‘life skills’ is sometimes used to describe these competencies and they include units such as: ‘use common business tools and technology,’ and ‘manage and resolve conflict situations.
• FUNCTIONAL COMPETENCIES - are specific to roles or jobs within the labour division, and include the specific skills and knowledge (knowhow) to perform effectively, such as ‘receive and process reservations, provide housekeeping services to guests, and operate a bar facility.’ These competencies could be generic to a labour division as a whole, or be specific to roles, levels or jobs within the labour division
• The CATC - is based upon the vocational training model with the concept of ‘qualifications rather than courses.
• The CATC consists:

  • FIVE (5) QUALIFICATIONS
  • SIX (6) DIVISIONS
• LEVEL 1 – CERTIFICATE II -

  • (Basic routine skills in a defined context)
• LEVEL 2 CERTIFICATE III LEADER RESPONSIBLITIES -

  (Broad range of skills in more varied context and team)
• LEVEL 3 CERTIFICATE IV - (Greater technical competence with supervisory skills)
• LEVEL 4 DIPLOMA - \

  (Specialised competence with managerial skills)
• LEVEL 5 ADVANCED DIPLOMA -

  (Sophisticated, broad and specialise competence with senior management skills)
• 52 qualifications - across six ( 6 ) labour divisions
• the Tourism Professional Certification Board (TPCB) - is the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA).
• This government agency was established - BY REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7796
• signed into law by - PRESIDENT FIDEL V. RAMOS 


  ON - AUGUST 25, 1994
• The Framework - requires students to undertake industry-based core and generic units of competency but allows flexibility for the functional units that complete the requirements for each qualification.
• ASEAN Tourism Agreement - (ATA)
• ASEAN Common Competency Standards for Tourism Professionals - (ACCSTP)
• ASEAN Tourism Strategic Plan = (ATSP)
• ASEAN Task Force on Tourism Manpower Development - (ATFTMD)
• Capacity Building for an ASEAN Mutual Recognition Arrangement in -Tourism (CBAMT)
• Regional Qualifications Framework and Skills Recognition System -(RQFSRS
• Common ASEAN Tourism Curriculum - (CATC)
• Vientiane Action Plan - (VAP)
• Roadmap for Integration of Tourism Sector - (RITS)
• Competency Based Training - (CBT)
• Tourism Professional Certification Board -(TPCB)