Lesson 3: Learning Theories

• Who introduced Cone of Experience?

  Edgar Dale
• How many levels of experience in the theory of Edgar Dale?


  11
• learning through concepts, thinking, and ideas

  abstract
• learning through real, tangible, and hands-on experience

  concrete
• What is the percentage of what students learn in verbal symbols?

  10%
• What is the percentage of what students learn in visual symbols?

  20%
• 30% of the lessons are being retained by students in recordings, radio and still pictures, motion pictures, educational television
• 50% of what students hear and see in exhibits and study trips
• What is the percentage of what students say and write in demonstrations, dramatized experiences, and contrived experience?

  70%
• auditory-based experience which can be oral or written

  verbal symbols
• provide representations, charts, diagrams, concept maps, and posters to present the idea

  visual symbols
• making the learning realistic, and expose learners to real-life things

  recordings, radio, & still pictures
• Motion Pictures is also called as moving pictures
• Educational Television - is a tool to display an animated and video clips that shows actual events
• more interactive; this relates the sense of touch of the learners by touching tangible materials

  Exhibits
• learning outside the classroom

  Study Trips
• learners must be able to demonstrate what they have learned; this is the application of their learning by watching and showing how things are done

  Demonstrations
• reenactment of the previous events that enhances active participation and creates a meaningful discussion such as roleplays, skits, theater acts

  Dramatized Experiences
• replication of the original objects such as dioramas, mockups, models, and specimen

  Contrived Experiences
• first-hand experience with no guidance or facilitation of the teacher such as OJT and immersions; direct involvement of the students and letting them learn to do tasks on their own

  Direct Purposeful Experiences
• TPACK means Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge
• What are the 3 types of knowledge?

  • Technological Knowledge
  • Pedagogical Knowledge
  • Content Knowledge
• What are the barriers to classroom implementations of technology?

  • cost
  • time
  • access
  • lack of knowledge
• TPACK was introduced by Punya Mishra and Matthew J. Koehler
• this learning theory focuses on how content and pedagogy must form the foundation for any effective edtech integration

  TPACK
• teacher's own knowledge of the subject matter

  Content Knowledge
• teacher's knowledge of the practices, processes, methods, and how to use appropriate practices to meet students' learning styles

  Pedagogical Knowledge
• teacher's knowledge of, and ability to use various technologies and associated resources

  Technological Knowledge
• teacher's knowledge regarding foundational areas of teaching and learning and tracing the links among pedagogy and its supportive practices

  Pedagogical Content Knowledge
• teacher's understanding of how technology and content both influence and push against each other and display the subject matter via different EdTech tools

  Technological Content Knowledge
• describes teacher's knowledge on how edtech tools can be deployed alongside pedagogy in ways that are appropriate

  Technological Pedagogical Knowledge
• an instructional model that helps instructors to prepare and implement lesson to ensure learning

  ASSURE Model
• How many steps in ASSURE Model?

  6
• ASSURE Model stands for

  • analyze learners' characteristics
  • state objectives
  • select materials, strategies, and methods
  • utilize materials, strategies, and methods
  • require learners' participation
  • evaluate and revise
• a method of knowing the learners' information such as name, age, learning style, family background, and socio-economic status

  Profiling
• this step focuses on analyzing learners' attribute and capabilities, and identify their strengths and weaknesses

  analyze learners' characteristics
• this step identify what learners should be able to do after completing the lesson proper

  state objectives
• the skills or competencies that should be met during lesson proper

  objectives
• a hierarchical ordering of cognitive skills that can help teachers and student in teaching and learning

  Benjamin Bloom's Taxonomy
• this step selects appropriate materials and focuses on student-centered approach

  select materials, methods, and strategies