Second term

• Other art movements


  • Neo-impressionism
  • Symbolism
  • Art Nouveau
  • Fauvism
  • Expressionism
  • Cubism
  • Futurism
  • Abstract art or non-objective art
  • Photo-realism
  • Installation art

  
• Neo-impressionism


  • A response to the empirical realism of impressionism
  • It relies on systematic calculation and scientific theory to achieve predetermined visual effects
  • Techniques used were divisionism and pointillism
• Symbolism in painting


  • Took its direction from poets and literary theorists
  • Represented a reaction against the objectivist aims of Realism and Impressionism
  • Favored works based on fantasy and the imagination, and thus, turned to the mystical and even the occult
• Art Nouveau


  • Characterized by its use of a long, sinuous, organic line
  • Employed most often in architecture, interior design, jewelry and glass design, posters, and illustration
  • A deliberate attempt to create a new style, free of the imitative historicism that dominated much of 19th-century art and design
• Fauvism


  • The originators were regarded as 'Les Fauves' or 'wild beasts'
  • Painting with 'pure, highly contrasting colors'
  • Color was of primary importance and they aimed at gay or startling composition
  • Paintings were believed to have been done with 'great enthusiasm and intense passion'
• Expressionism


  • Originated in Germany
  • The 'use of violent colors to express violent emotional content'
  • Characterized by fear, loneliness, poverty, and suffering
• Cubism


  • Presents 'fragmentation and the multiple images'
  • Reduced three-dimensional objects into two-dimensional images
  • Cubists 'tried to show what they knew was there, not what they saw or felt'
• Futurism


  • Visual artists were inspired by the manifesto of Marinetti
  • Wanted to depict visually the perception of movement, speed, and change
  • Adopted the Cubist technique of using fragmented and intersecting plane surfaces and outlines to show several simultaneous views of an object
• Abstract art and non-objective art

  • Abstract art has fewer similarities to its real-world counterpart
  • Non-objective art has no resemblance to the original referent
• Movements categorized under abstract art or non-objective art

  • Dadaism
  • Surrealism
  • Constructivism
  • De Stijl
  • Abstract Expressionism
  • Optical Art
  • Pop Art
  • Minimalism
  • Conceptual Art
• Dadaism


  • Ran contrary to the 'laws of beauty and social organization'
  • Based on deliberate irrationality, anarchy, and cynicism
• Surrealism


  • Linked symbols between the conscious and unconscious mind
  • Explored the subconscious and tried to search hidden motives and analyze suppressed desires, irrational acts, and dreams
• Constructivism


  • Borrowed ideas and concepts from cubism, suprematism and futurism
  • Abolished the traditional artistic concern with composition and replaced it with construction
  • Created objects were not to express beauty or to present the artist's outlook or to represent the world, but to carry out a fundamental analysis of the materials and forms of art
• De Stijl


  • An art movement which started in the Netherlands
  • Espoused a visual language of precisely rendered geometric shapes like straight lines, squares, and rectangles, and the use of primary colors
  • Sought laws of equilibrium and harmony applicable to art and life as a response to the horrors of war
• Abstract Expressionism


  • Filled the canvasses with fields of color and abstract forms
  • Artists attacked their canvasses with vigorous gestural expressionism
  • Underscore 'free, spontaneous, and personal expression, and they exercise considerable freedom of technique and execution to attain this goal

  
• Optical Art (Op Art)

  • Relied on creating an illusion to inform the experience of the artwork using color, pattern, and other perspective tricks
  • Deals with optical illusion, which is achieved through the systematic and precise manipulation of shapes and colors
• Pop Art


  • Subject matter became far from traditional "high art" themes
  • Celebrated commonplace objects and people of everyday life, in this way seeking to elevate popular culture to the level of fine art
  • Characterized as popular, transient, expendable, low cost, mass produced, witty, sexy, gimmicky, glamorous, big business
• Minimalism


  • Seen as an extreme type of abstraction that favored geometric shapes, color fields and the use of objects and materials that had an "industrial" sense
  • Created works that resembled factory-built commodities and upended traditional definitions of art
• Conceptual Art


  • Makes use of an 'environmental object' or an 'environmental composition'
  • Reduced the material presence of the work to an absolute minimum - a tendency that some have referred to as the "dematerialization" of art
• Photorealism


  • Also known as hyperrealism or superrealism
  • Complicates the notion of realism by successfully mixing together that which is real with that which is unreal
  • Artists often based their work upon photographs rather than direct observation
• Installation Art


  • Involves the configuration of objects in a space
  • Allows the viewer to enter and move around the configured space and/or interact with some of its elements
  • May engage several of the viewer's senses including touch, sound and smell, as well as vision
• Performance Art


  • Presented "live" by artists who became "discontented with the conventional forms of art"
  • Particularly focused on the body which is why it is often referred to as body art