science my bbg

• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves the production of separate male and female gametophytes that produce gametes.
• Pollination


  Self pollination - is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to a stigma of the same flower. Cross Pollination - the transfer of pollen from stamen of a flower of a plant to the pistil of a flower of another plant of the same species.
• Agents of pollination


  Biotic Agents; Animals, insects, butterflies. Abiotic Agents;  relies on environmental components such as wind and water. 
• The pollen grain absorbs water on thestigma and grows out an extension called a

  Pollen Tube
• Pollen tube elongates into the style until it reaches the ovary. It enter the ovule through the small opening called

  micropyle
• The generative cell inside the pollen divides into two to form the

  sperm
• Once the pollen tube reaches the ovule, its tip breaks to open to release the

  sperm cells
• A sperm unites with the egg cell to form a

  zygote
• Fertilization


  the process in which haploid gametes fuse to form a diploid cell called a zygote
• A fertilized eukaryotic cell that forms after the union of a male and female gametes

  zygote
• The other sperm unites with the 2 polar nuclei to form endosperm, which will provide food for the 



  embryo
• Flowering plants go through the process of double fertilization.
• Becomes a seed

  ovule
• Grows into a fruit

  ovary
• The process in which a new plant grows from the seed .

  Germination
• Is a protective structure that contains a diploid plant embryo and stores the food for the plants.

  seed
• SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS



  The process in which the male and female gametes fuse together to form a new individual
• happens outside the body, usually a liquid medium sperm. large amount of eggs produced

  external fertilization
• occurs inside the female parent

  internal fertilization
• contains two set of chromosomes (46)

  diploid
• contains half the number of chromosomes (23)

  haploid
• A diploid phase in the life cycle of a plant. develops from the zygote and produces spores by meiosis

  sporophyte
• the sexual phase in the alternation ofgenerations of plants. this stage produces gametes thatundergo alternation of generations

  gametophyte
• a special form of cell division in which each daughter cell receives half the amount of DNA as the parent cell

  meiosis
• a structure in certain plants and other organisms that is charged with making and storing spores.

  sporangium
• is a haploid structure or organ producing and containing male gametes

  antheridium
• the female reproductive organ in ferns and mosses

  archegonium
• have specialized structures for reproduction (mosses, ferns)

  non-seed plants
• plants alternate between two different life stages, or generations, in their life cycle; a haploid stage called gametophyte and a diploid stage called sporophyte

  alternations of generation
• the reproductive parts of a flower

  essential parts
• contains the stigma, style, ovary, and ovule


  female reproductive parts
• contains the anther, filament, and pollen sacs


  male reproductive parts
• pollen-producing structures


  deliver pollen to the female reproductive parts to initiate reproduction
• collectively called the male parts of a flower in angiosperms

  stamen
• stalk-like structure that supports the anthers

  filament
• specialized structure that holds the pollen grains

  anther
• parts of the anther


  pollen sacs
• hold the pollen grains and develop from the pollen mother cells

  pollen sacs
• develop from the pollen mother cells and are released when the anther dehisces

  pollen grains
• division of biosphere into smaller units and is where organisms interact with one another and with their environment

  ecosystem