An implementation which permitted individuals (peninsulares) called encomenderos to collect taxes from colonial subjects on behalf of the government
Encomenderos
Had to (1) protect the people living inside the encomienda from outsiders and invasions, (2) maintain peace and order, and (3) assist the friars in Christianizing the non-Spanish
Tributo
Basic tax paid by colonial subjects (15 reales in the 19th century)
Bandala system
Annual forced saleofgoods from the taxpayers to the government
Poloyservicios
System of forced communitylabor wherein colonial subjects had to work for the government for a total of 40 days per year
Polistas
Individuals identified by the gobernadorcillos and cabezas de barangay to participate in the polo y servicios
Galleon Trade
Trade system between the Philippines and Mexico that started in 1565, after the discovery of the UrdanetaPassage
Roman Catholicism arrived in the Visayas through the Magellan expedition
1521
The Christianization of the Philippines resumed when the Legazpi expedition successfully took Cebu as the first Spanish colony in Asia
1565
Secularclergy
Augustinians
Franciscans
Jesuits
Dominicans
Recollects
Entrada
Missionaries accompanied by soldiers provided by the government, often leading to violence due to native resistance
Taxation in Spain’s colonial possessions was meant to raisefunds.
What was given in exchange for the encomenderos?
quarter of the collected taxes
Collection of taxes was done annually and per household.
A single person from age 20 was considered a separate household.
Which groups are exempted from the encomienda system?
principalia and soldiers
Due to the scarcity of silver and gold, taxpayers pay in cash or in kind.
In the 19th century, the encomienda was abolished and was replaced by a more efficient system called the cedula personal.
Other policies considered as indirect forms of taxation: bandala and polo y servicios
The bandala and the polo y servicios were considered indirect forms of taxation for they were income-generating and cost-cutting initiatives.
Several instances of non-payment were also recorded. Instead, the encomenderos only gave the natives promissory notes which were never fulfilled.
According to the law, all non-Spanish males aged 16 to 60 years old were required to work for the polo y servicios.
Falla
people who paid an additional tax (1.50 reales)
Construction of the galleons at the shipyards in Cavite and Mindoro
The most notable work on gov't projects of polistas
To minimize abuses, the duration of service was shortened to 15 days in 1884.
Some women were picked by Spanish government officials, encomenderos, and friars to render domestic work in Spanish households.
Galleon Trade: Only two galleons per year were allowed to trade. The two could only visit two port cities, namely Acapulco and Manila
Manila-bound galleons had to deliver to the governador-general the situado
Situado
Mexico’s annual subsidy for the colonial government of the Philippines amounted to 300,000 pesos.
The governador-general controlled the Galleon Trade in Manila by allocating the tickets called boletas.
The governador-general was assisted by the Junta de Repartamiento (allocation board) in controlling the Galleon Trade.
The boletas were usually handed to the peninsulares and insulares, including the Bishop of Manila
The galleons from Manila were famously known as the NaodeChina.
Natives from the Philippines introduced sabong and tuba to Mexicans.
A district called Parian is also present in Mexico City.
Earliesttraces of globalization
Importance of the Galleon Trade in world history.
Galleons were targeted by British and Dutch pirates.
The first mass in the Philippines was celebrated in Mazaua
Cebu
The first Spanish colony in Asia.
The conversion of people to Catholicism was spearheaded by the regularclergy or those friars, monks, and priests who belonged to religious orders.