RIZAL MIDTERMS

• Rizal resigned as a contributor of the La Solidaridad and sent a message to his compatriots about his decision to give up his political leadership and retire in his own country
• This news saddened many Propaganda members
• Rizal visited Nelly to bid goodbye before leaving for the Philippines to take care of his family's problems
• Rizal boarded the SS Melbourne ship from Marseilles bound for Hong Kong in the company of many including Fr. Damian
• In Hong Kong, Rizal observed a noisy audience in a theatre, boisterous music, and a marathon tourist meal
• In Hong Kong, the Dominican friars were the richest investors and estate owners, and Catholics owned the most extravagant cemeteries
• After almost three weeks, Rizal left Hong Kong on the American steamer Oceanic and went to Japan, where he was invited by Secretary Juan Perez Caballero to live at the Spanish Legation
• Rizal believed that staying at the legation was economical and that he had nothing to hide
• Two days later, Rizal's case was endorsed to Governor Camilo de Polaviejo, who had the authority to command that the case be court martialed
• On December 15, inside his cell at Fort Santiago, Rizal wrote a controversial letter, The Manifesto, addressed to his countrymen
• The Manifesto was a letter denouncing bloody struggle and promoting education and industry as the best means to acquire independence
• The trial took place at Cuartel de España, a military building, with a court composed of seven military officers headed by Lt. Col. Jose Togores Arjona
• Rizal read his own defense which he wrote in his cell in Fort Santiago
• When the Belgio docked at San Francisco, California, the passengers were not allowed to disembark and were put under quarantine because there were potential illegal Chinese immigrants to the United States
• Rizal registered himself at the Palace Hotel in San Francisco, where he met the founder of Stanford University, Leland Stanford
• Rizal rejected the first draft of the retraction letter as being too long, and Fr. Balaguer showed him another draft from Fr. Pio Perez, which Rizal liked but wanted some parts changed
• By 11:30 pm, Rizal wrote and signed the retraction letter in which he renounced the mason movement, with witnesses Juan del Fresno (Chief of the Guard Detail) and Eloy Montes (Assistant of the Plaza)
• Rizal had one request, that he be shot facing the firing squad, but this was in vain, and the captain of the squad ordered a back shot
• What could be heard from the crowd of Spaniards was their loud, audible voice, shouting "Viva España! Long live Spain!" and "Morir el traidores!" (Death to traitors!)
• Jose Rizal died at exactly 7:03 in the morning of December 30, 1896
• Rizal wrote many articles for La Solidaridad to counter the attacks of Fr. Rodriguez on the Noli, generally entitled "Cuestiones de Sumo Interes"
• Rizal wrote a pamphlet entitled "La Visión del Fray Rodrigues", using the pen name "Dimasalang", to ridicule the standpoint of Fr. Rodriguez on the immorality of the Noli Me Tangere
• Rizal wrote "To the Women of Malolos", which he encouraged the women to pursue their education and not merely be blind followers of the friars
• Rizal contributed articles to the Trubner's Record, related to Asian Studies such as the "Two Eastern Fables" and "Specimens of Tagalog Folkdore"
• Aims of the La Liga Filipina

  • To unite the whole archipelago into one compact, vigorous, and homogenous body
  • Mutual protection in every want and necessity
  • Defense against all violence and injustice
  • Encouragement of instruction, agriculture, and commerce
  • Study and application of custom
• Judge Advocate Dominguez opened the trial, followed by Atty. Alcocer's reiteration of the charges against Rizal, urging the court that the latter be punished with death
• The three crimes accused to Rizal were rebellion, sedition, and illegal association
• Rizal decided to return to the Philippines

  August 1887
• Rizal's journey to the Philippines

  1. Left Rome by train for Marseille

  2. Boarded the Djemmah bound for Saigon

  3. Transferred to the steamer Haifong

  4. Arrived in Manila on August 6, 1888
• Rizal noticed that Manila had not changed much
• Rizal sailed to Hong Kong for the second time


  February 3, 1888
• Rizal left Hong Kong on board the steamship, registered at the Victoria Hotel
• In Hong Kong, Rizal was accompanied by Jose Marie B. to Macau
• Torero's former secretary, Jose Sainz de Varanda, spied on Rizal in the said colonies
• The captain of the ship was Captain Delgros


  July 17, 1892
• Rizal wrote a poem for Captain Ricardo Carnicero


  August 26, 1892
• Rizal stayed in Dapitan for a period of four years


  July 31, 1896
• In Dapitan, Rizal established a school for boys for free
• Rizal received a summon from Governor-General Emilio Terrero regarding the novel Noli Me Tangere, which had become a hot issue
• Rizal denied that he was a spy from Germany