Drugs for GI

• What are the drugs for Overweight or Obese patients?

  - Anorexiants

  - Lipase inhibitors
• What is the prototype drug of Anorexiants?

  Phentermine
• What is the mechanism of action of Phentermine?

  Stimulates release of Norepinephrine and Dopamine
• When Phentermine stimulates Norepinephrine, what happens?

  Increases Heart Rate and Blood Pressure
• When Phentermine stimulates Dopamine, what happens?

  Inhibits appetite
• What are the side and adverse effects of Phentermine?

  Hypertension, nervousness, hyperactivity, dry mouth, constipation
• What is the prototype drug for Lipase Inhibitors?


  Orlistat
• What is the mechanism of action of Lipase Inhibitors?


  Binds to gastric and pancreatic lipases in GI tracts- Inhibit absorption of fats
• What are the side and adverse effects of Lipase Inhibitors?

  (GI symptoms): abdominal pain,oily spotting, fecal urgency, incontinence, fatty stool
• What are the three ways that Antiucler drugs work?

  1. Eradicate H.Pylori (antibiotics)

  2. Reduce gastric acidity (antisecretory agents, misoprostol)

  3. Enhance mucosal defenses (sucralfate, misoprostol)
• What are the drugs used for Antiulcer?

  - Antibiotics

  - H Receptor Antagonists

  - PPI's
• What are the prototype drugs of Antibiotics?

  Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Metrinbdazole
• What is the mechanism of action of Antibiotics?

  Treat or prevent bacterial infections
• What are the side and adverse effects of Antibiotics?

  N/V/D, yeast infection

  (Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
• What are the nursing implication of Antibiotics?

  Minimum of 2 antibiotics prescribed to decrease the risk of resistance
• What are the prototype drugs for H Receptor Antagonists

  (-tidine)?- Cimetidine

  - Ranitidine

  - Famotidine

  - Nizatidine
• What is the mechanism of action of H Receptor Antagonists?


  Block Histamine 2 receptors- Suppress secretion of gastric acids (prompt healing)
• What is the side and adverse effects of H Receptor Antagonists?

  No serious side or adverse effects
• What is the nursing implication of H Receptor Antagonists?

  Famotidine is commonly used in hospitals (stressful environments)
• What are the prototype drugs of PPI's

  (-prazole)?- Omeprazole

  - Esomeprazole

  - Rabeprazole

  - Pantoprazole

  - Lansoprazole
• What is the mechanism of action of PPI's?

  Most effective; stronger than H12 blockerInhibit gastric secretion
• What are the side or adverse effects of PPI's?

  Head ache, constipation
• What is the nursing implication of PPI's?

  Use only for short-term therapy(neuro issues with prolonged use)Constipation should be managed byexercise, fluid, and fiber-rich diet
• What are the Antiemetic drugs?

  - Dopamine antagonists

  - Antihistamine

  - 5HT3 Receptor antagonists

  - Substance {/neurokinin 1 Antagonist
• What are the prototype drugs of Dopamine Antagonists?

  - Phenothiazine

  - Promethazine
• What is the mechanism of action of Dopamine Antagonists?

  Block D2 receptor in chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)
• What are the side and adverse effects of Dopamine Antagonists?

  Extrapyramidal reaction
• What are the prototype drugs for Antihistamine?

  - Hydroxyzine

  - Diphenhydramine
• What are the prototype drugs for 5HT3 Receptor Antagonists?

  Ondansetron
• What is the mechanism of action of Ondansetron?

  - Block type 3 serotonin receptor on afferent vagal nerve

  - 1st line to treat CINV
• What is the nursing implication of Ondansetron?


  - Commonly used in hospital

  - Given before the patient starts chemotherapy
• When should you give Ondansetron orally before chemotherapy?

  45-60 minutes before
• When should you give Ondansetron IV before chemotherapy?

  Right before
• What are the prototype drugs of Substance {/neurokinin 1 Antagonist?

  Aprepitant?
• What is the mechanism of action of Aprepitant?

  Block neurokinin 1 type receptor (for sub P) in Chemoreceptor-trigger zon
• What are the drugs for laxatives?

  - Bulk-forming

  - Surfactant

  - Stimulant

  - Osmotic
• What is the prototype drug for Bulk-forming?


  Psyllium
• What is the function of Psyllium?


  Function like dietary fiber; swell with water form gel, which softens and increases fecal mas
• What is the duration of time of Psyllium?

  Act within 12-24 hours
• What is the side and adverse effects of Psyllium?

  Minimal adverse effect