SOC SCI 3 - 4th Mastery

• Human brain


  • Highly essential and powerful part of the human body
  • One of the largest and most complex organs in the body
  • Processing center of different signals and information, communicating over a trillion of connection through synapses
• Brainstem


  • Connects the brain to the spinal cord and the rest of the body
  • Controls autonomic processes of the body which include breathing, digestion, and heart rate
  • Comprised of the medulla, the pons, and the midbrain

  
• Cerebellum or Hindbrain


  • Involved in cognitive functions such as attention, language, emotional function (fear and pleasure response regulation), and the processing of procedural memories
  • Significant role in balance and motor control

  
• Cerebrum or Forebrain


  • Largest and uppermost portion of the brain which makes up about 75% of the brain's total volume and 85% of its weight
  • Divided into two separate hemispheres – the left and right hemispheres – by a large groove called the longitudinal fissure
  • The two hemispheres of the brain are connected by a large bundle of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum

  
• Whole brain model


  • Ned Herrmann is known as the "father of brain dominance technology"
  • Hermann used Roger Sperry's split-brain research and developed his theory of brain dominance
  • Theory states that a person develops a preferred dominant mode of thinking
• Four metaphoric quadrants of the whole brain model

  • Logical Rational / Analytical Thinking (Quadrant A – Blue)
  • Organized Planned / Sequential Thinking (Quadrant B – Green)
  • Interpersonal Feelings / Interpersonal Thinking (Quadrant C – Red)
  • Big Picture Creative / Imaginative Thinking (Quadrant D – Yellow)
• Right-brain, left-brain dominance theory


  • Right side of the brain is best at expressive and creative tasks
  • Left side of the brain is adept at tasks that involve logic, language, and analytical thinking
• Mind map


  • Diagram based on a particular word or idea
  • Presents a picture of a powerful graphical style that leads the brain to unlock its potential to explore its possibilities from a word, image, number, logic, rhythm, color, and spatial consciousness uniquely
  • Gives the brain enough freedom to explore many possibilities
• Origin of mind mapping

  • Traced to Tony Buzan, a popular British psychology author and television personality in the late 1960s who used diagrams to map out information
  • Used throughout history in learning, brainstorming, memory, planning, visual thinking, and problem-solving by various professionals such as teachers, engineers, psychologists, and industry managers, among others
• Materials needed to mind map

  • A blank sheet of paper
  • Colored pens and pencils
  • Your brain
  • Your imagination
• Basic steps for mind mapping

  1. Start with an idea that first comes into your mind

  2. Start at the center with an image of the topic, using at least three colors

  3. Use images, symbols, codes, and dimensions throughout your mind map

  4. Select keywords and print them using uppercase or lowercase letters

  5. Set each word or image alone and sit on its line

  6. Connect the lines, starting from the central image. The lines become thinner as they radiate out from the center

  7. Make the lines of the same length as the word or image they support

  8. Use multiple colors throughout the mind map for visual stimulation and also for encoding or grouping

  9. Develop your own personal style of mind mapping

  10. Use emphasis and show associations in your mind map

  11. Keep the mind map clear by using radial hierarchy or outlines to embrace your branches
• Ten ways to use mind maps

  • Meeting notes
  • Book summaries
  • Project management
  • Studying
  • Goal setting
  • Brainstorming
  • Problem solving
  • Knowledge management
  • Getting stuff done
  • Decision making
• Mental health


  • Includes subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, inter-generational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential
  • Comprises the fulfillment of one's capacities, ability to cope with regular normal life stressors, ability to perform at work well, and to positively contribute to their community
  • Defined as the level of psychological health or well-being
  • Indicates the normalcy or an absence of mental illness
  • In positive Psychology, this points to an ability to simply enjoy life and create balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience
• One out of five young person suffers from mental illness
• Possible warning signs of mental disorders

  • Frequent expression of anger and worry
  • Difficulty in sleeping and eating
  • Inability to enjoy pleasurable activities
  • Isolation and avoiding social interactions
  • Extended feeling of grief after a loss or death of a loved one
  • Obsession with exercising, dieting, or binge eating
  • Tendency to hurt other people or destroy property
  • Low or no energy
  • Engaging in smoking, drinking, and prohibited drugs
  • Difficulty in controlling emotions
  • Thoughts of suicide
  • Self-harm
  • Idea that one's mind is controlled by someone else or is out of control
  • Hearing voices
• ADHD or Attention Deficit–Hyperactivity Disorder


  • A persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that disrupts normal functioning or development and whose symptoms present themselves in two or more settings such as home, school, or work
  • Has a direct negative impact on social, academic, or occupational functioning
• Bipolar Disorder


  A serious mental illness where people having this disorder go through unusual mood changes and extremes of emotions such as mania and depression
• Common mental disorders among adolescents


  • Social withdrawal and avoiding social interactions
  • Extended feeling of grief after a loss or death of a loved one
  • Obsession with exercising, dieting, or binge eating
  • Tendency to hurt other people or destroy property
  • Low or no energy
  • Engaging in smoking, drinking, and prohibited drugs
  • Difficulty in controlling emotions
  • Thoughts of suicide
  • Self-harm
  • Idea that one's mind is controlled by someone else or is out of control
  • Hearing voices
• ADHD (Attention Deficit–Hyperactivity Disorder)


  A persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that disrupts normal functioning or development and whose symptoms present themselves in two or more settings such as home, school, or work. ADHD has a direct negative impact on social, academic, or occupational functioning.
• Bipolar Disorder


  A serious mental illness where people go through unusual mood changes and extremes of emotions such as the happy, highly energetic phase called a manic episode, followed by depression or depressive episodes where they will feel very sad, have low energy, and generally be less active. Bipolar disorder is not about the regular ups and downs that anyone goes through. The mood swings are so intense that even sleep patterns and the ability to think may be affected. This condition may also affect relationships and everyday life such as going to school or keeping a job. Without proper diagnosis or medication, those suffering from bipolar disorder may also end up hurting themselves when their manic-depressive episodes become too much to bear.
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder


  Refers to excessive anxiety and worrying with difficulty in controlling oneself. This is associated with other symptoms such as restlessness, being easily tired, difficulty concentrating or mind going blank, irritability, muscular tension, and difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep along with unsatisfying sleep. Moreover, it has corresponding negative effects on relating with others.
• Social Anxiety Disorder


  Refers to a persistent fear of socializing with unfamiliar situations or people and the fear to act in ways that may be embarrassing and humiliating. Doing so may lead to anxiety when exposed and can predispose adolescents to panic attacks. The person may recognize that the fear is excessive and beyond reason. The situation feared may be avoided but when in the situation, anxiety is deeply felt and endured causing distress. The fear or anxiety may last for six months or more.
• Panic Disorder


  Points to a sudden surge of fear or intense discomfort reaching its peak within minutes. The most prominent sign is recurrent unexpected panic attacks. Signs of a panic attack include fast heartbeats, chest pain, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, choking sensation, nausea, dizziness or lightheadedness, numbness, chills or heat, feeling of being detached from oneself, fear of losing control, and fear of dying. In addition, the patient experiences persistent worry or fear of having a panic attack and often changes behaviors and routines to avoid panic attacks.
• Schizophrenia


  Can be one of the disorders experienced by some adolescents that is related to "gross deficits in reality testing." This can mean a gross incapacity to properly detect what is real and not real, such that an adolescent may manifest delusion, hallucination, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior (adopting a pose that is maintained for hours), and negative symptoms such as flat emotion, motivation, anergia, and failure to maintain physical hygiene. It can be a serious problem for adolescents which may need the therapeutic intervention of a psychiatrist.