UCSP 2ND SEMESTER

• Social stratification


  The layering of social categories into higher and lower positions of prestige or respect
• Three Social Classes

  • Upper class - elite or wealthy families who are the most prolific in their respective areas, value heritage most over wealth
  • Middle class - professional people like lawyers, doctors, managers, owners of small businesses, executives, value education most as it is the most vital measure of social status
  • Lower class - office and clerical workers, skilled and unskilled craftsman, farm employees, underemployed, indigent families, depend on their paycheck
• Status


  The individual's spot in the social structure, the higher or lower positions that come about through social stratification
• Ascribed statuses


  Assigned or given by the society or group on the basis of some fixed category, e.g. sex, family background, ethnicity
• Achieved statuses


  Earned by the individual, e.g. honours received in school, good job, award for winning a competition
• Prestige


  The evaluation of status, you gain respect according to your status
• Esteem


  The assessment of our role behavior, the measure of esteem we have depends on how well we carry out our role
• Political stratification


  The extent to which inequalities are encapsulated in, or influenced by political structures and processes regarding influence, power and authority
• Social mobility


  The act of moving from one social status to another
• Open class system


  Individuals can change their social class in the society, people are free to gain a different level of education or employment than their parents, they can also socialize with members of other groups, allowing people to move from one class to another
• Caste and closed-class system

  People can do little or nothing to change their social standing, they are born into it and will remain in it, people are assigned occupations regardless of their talents, interests, or potential
• Horizontal mobility


  The movement of a person within a social class level
• Vertical mobility


  The movement of a person between social class levels or another class
• Inequality is found in all societies irrespective of time or place, all human societies from the simple to the most complex have some form of social inequality
• Heterogeneity in society is called social stratification
• Social stratification is an inherent character of all societies, it is historical as it is found in all societies, ancient and modern, and it is universal as it exists in simple or complex societies
• Social stratification


  Institutionalized inequality of individuals or social injustice due to social categories
• Social stratification


  An institutionalized pattern of inequality in which social categories are ranked on the basis of their access to scarce resources
• Social stratification


  The way people are ranked and ordered in society
• Social stratification


  A system whereby people rank and evaluate each other as superior or inferior and, on the basis of such evaluation, unequally reward one another with wealth, authority, power, and prestige
• Social stratification


  The hierarchical arrangement and establishment of social categories that evolve into a social group together with statuses and their corresponding roles
• Social stratification


  The differentiation of a given population into hierarchically superposed classes, manifested in the existence of upper and lower social layers, based on an unequal distribution of rights and privileges, duties and responsibilities, social values and privations, social power and influence among the members of a society
• Social differentiation


  How people can be distinguished from one another, e.g. skin color, hair color, race, mental and physical ability
• Social stratification


  The ranking of people in a society, in closed stratification people cannot change their ranks while in open social stratification people can change their ranks
• Indicators of Social Stratification

  • Social status
  • Power
  • Income
  • Prestige
• Statuses are not the same, one may get different statuses in different ways
• Social differentiation


  How people can be distinguished from one another
• Social stratification


  • The ranking of people in a society
  • In closed stratification, people cannot change their ranks
  • In open social stratification, people can change their ranks
  • The separation of people into social categories that are ranked as higher or lower
• Indicators of Social Stratification

  • Social status
  • Power
  • Income
  • Prestige
• Status


  The individual's position in the social structure
• Ascribed status


  Assigned or given by the society or group on the basis of some fixed category, without regard to a person's abilities or performance
• Achieved status


  Earned by the individual because of his or her talent, skills, occupation and perseverance
• Prestige


  The evaluation of status
• Weber's Components of Social Stratification

  • Power
  • Prestige
  • Wealth
• Dimensions of Social Stratification

  • Sources of Income
  • Occupation
  • Education
  • Types of house dwellings
  • Location of residence
  • Kinship or family
• Open system of social stratification

  • Encourages people to strive and achieve
  • Allows movement and interaction between layers and classes
  • People have equal chance to succeed
• Categories in open system of social stratification

  • Upper Class
  • Middle Class
  • Lower Class
• Closed system of social stratification

  • Accommodates little change in social position
  • Does not allow people to shift levels
  • Does not permit social relationships between levels
• Types of closed systems of social stratification

  • Caste System
  • Estate System
• Ethnic system of social stratification

  Based on national origin