Lesson 2: Diesel Power Plant

• Diesel Engine


  An internal combustion engine which uses low grade fuel oil and which burns this fuel inside the cylinder solely by heat of compression
• Gasoline Engine


  An internal combustion engine which used High grade fuel oil and which burns this fuel inside the cylinder solely by the aid of spark
• Two-stroke cycle engine


  • An engine could produce one power in the two strokes of the piston or two revolutions of the crankshafts
• Four-Stroke Engine


  • An internal combustion engine that utilizes four distinct piston strokes (intake, compression, power, and exhaust) to complete one operating cycle

  
• Generator


  A device used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy
• Radiator


  The part that transfers the heat from the engine coolant to the surrounding air to keep the engine from overheating
• Governor


  A device used to govern or control the speed of an engine under varying load condition
• Thermocouple


  A temperature instrument made of rod of different metal that are welded together at one side
• Unloader


  A device for automatically keeping pressure constant by controlling the suction valve
• Planimeter


  A measuring device that traces the area of actual PV-Diagram
• Tachometer


  Measures the speed (RPM) of the engine
• Bridge Gauge


  An instrument used to find the radial position of crankshaft or motor shaft
• Dynamometer


  Measures the torque of the engine
• Morse Test


  To obtain the approximate Indicated Power of a Multi-cylinder Engine
• Purifiers


  Separate water and other contaminants in the oil mixture using the principle of density difference
• Centrifuge


  The purification of oil and separation of water
• Atomizer


  Used to atomize the fuel into tiny spray which completely fill the furnace in the form of hollow cone
• Fuel injector


  A device for atomizing and injecting fuel into an internal combustion engine
• Combustion


  The process of chemical union between certain substances
• Scavenging


  The process of clearing the engine cylinder of exhaust gases by forcing through it a pressure of fresh air
• Crank Scavenging


  The crankcase is used as compressor
• Supercharging


  Admittance into cylinder of an air charge with density higher than that of the surrounding air
• Piston


  Made of cast iron or aluminum alloy having a cylinder form
• We need piston rings in reciprocating engines because it seals the combustion chamber so gases do not leak from combustion chamber to crankcase
• Piston rings commonly used on small engines

  • Compression ring
  • Wiper ring
  • Oil ring
• Flare back


  Due to the explosion of a maximum fuel oil vapor and air in the furnace
• Single Acting Engine


  • Work is done only one side of the piston having only one working stroke to a revolution
• Double Acting Engine


  • Work is done on both sides of the piston, having two working stroke to a revolution
• Triple Expansion Engine


  • A three-cylinder engine in which there are three stage of expansion
• ante combustion chamber

  A chamber so designed that the injection takes place directly opposite its outlet, the chamber extending backward from the outlet. A. Pre combustion chamber
• Terminologies or standards in a diesel power plant

  • Working pressure in power cylinder: 50 to 500 psi
  • Working temperature in the cylinder: 800 to 1000 ⁰F, 426.667 to 537.778
  • Air Pressure used in air injector fuel system: 600 psi to 1000 psi
  • Average compression ratio of a diesel engine: 14 to 1 – 16 to 1
  • Effects of over lubricating a diesel engine: Carbonization of oil on valve seats and possible explosive mixture is created

  
• Engine Indicator

  Used to describe corresponding changes in volume and pressure in a system
• Three Types of piston

  • Closed Head type
  • Trunk type
  • Barrel type
• Between 800 and 1100 OF

  What is the temperature of the air in the cylinder when the diesel engine is operating at full load? 
• Method of mechanically operated starting valve

  • The Poppet Type
  • The Disc Type
• Three Classes of Fuel Pump

  • Continuous Pressure
  • Constant Stroke
  • Variable Stroke
• Type of pump used in transferring oil from the storage to the service tanks

  • Rotary Pump
  • Plunger Pump
  • Piston Pump
  • Centrifugal Pump
• Valve that is found in the cylinder head of a 4-stroke cycle engine

  • Fuel Valve
  • Air Starting Valve
  • Relief Valve
  • Test Valve
  • Intake Valve
  • Exhaust Valve

  
• Top Dead Center (TDC)

  The piston is at the maximum reach from the crankshaft to which of the following?
• Air Cell chamber

  Fuel is injected to the main cylinder, during expansion of burning gases in the main chamber, when the pressure therein drops below that of the air in the cell.