Animal structures and functions quiz #1
Cards (96)
- NutrientA chemical that must be obtained by an organism from its environment in order to survive; nutrients provide the raw material for growth and repair and may be a source of emergy
- MetabolismThe set of chemical reactions that in living organisms that are necessary to maintain life
- HormoneA chemical signal or messenger molecule, circulated through the body and used to coordinate cellular functions
- TriglycerideA lipid composed of glycerol and three fatty acids that are bonded together
- MineralAn element, such as calcium or phosphorus , required by the body in small amounts; plays a roll in cell process and repair
- VitaminAn organic molecule that the body requires in small amounts as an essential nutrient
- Gastrovascular cavityA simple, sac-like digestive cavity that has only one opening through which food is taken in and wastes are expelled
- Gastrointestinal tractAlso known as the GI tract, is the passageway or tube that extends from the mouth to the anus and in which the process of digestion takes place
- EnzymeAny chemical produced by cells that facilitates biochemical reactions in the body, such as those involved in digestion and metabolism; all enzymes are proteins
- AmylaseAn enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates
- MucusA protective secretion produced by the epithelial cells that form the mucous membrane
- EsophagusAn organ consisting of a muscular tube that passes food from the pharynx to the stomach
- PeristalsisThe rhythmic, involuntary wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract
- SphincterA circular muscle that contracts to close an opening in the body
- ChymeA semi-liquid mixture of food and gastric juice
- GastrinA hormone that stimulates the release of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen in the stomach
- PepsinA protein-digesting enzyme produced in the stomach
- UlcerA lesion or open sore on the epithelium of an organ
- VillusA small, finger-like projection of the inner layer of the small intestine mucosa
- MicrovillusA microscopic projection of the cell membrane of certain types of epithelial cells; greatly increases the surface area of the cell
- LactealA lymphatic vessel within a villus, through which digested fats enter the circulatory system
- TrypsinA protein-digesting enzyme produced from trypsinogen
- SecretinA hormone secreted by the duodenum that stimulates pancreatic and bile secretions
- EnterokinaseAn enzyme of the small intestine that converts inactive trypsinogen into trypsin
- LipaseAn enzyme that digests lipids
- BileA substance that emulsifies fats for faster breakdown by lipases; produced by the liver
- Passive transportThe movement of materials across a cell membrane without any expenditure of the cell's energy
- Concentration gradientThe difference in the number of molecules or ions of a substance in a given volume between adjoining areas
- Facilitated diffusionThe diffusion of molecules across a cell membrane via a transport protein
- Active transportThe transportation of materials through a cell membrane using energy from the cell
- CecumA blind pouch at the upper end of the large intestine
- ColonThe longest part of the large intestine
- RectumThe lower 20cm of the large intestine, generally referred to as the lower bowel, where feces are stored
- AnusThe opening at the lower end of the large intestine through which digestive wastes are eliminated from the body
- EgestionThe removal of waste food materials from the body
- FecesThe undigested material that is eliminated as waste from the body
- EndoscopyAny medical procedure that uses an endoscope to look inside the body
- NauseaThe feelings associated with having the urge to vomit
- EmesisThe expulsion of stomach contents through the esophagus and the mouth; also known as vomiting
- DiarrheaLoose or watery feces