Counseling

• Relationship Strategies - include attending, accepting, emphatic understanding, being genuine and transparent, respecting, listening, responding, caring, and ensuring emotional security of the client.
• Interviewing Strategies - include responding to verbal and non -verbal message, silence, clarifying, reflecting, inquiring, summarizing
• Assessment Strategies- include evaluating the client’s situation, assessing the client’s coping levels, helping the client explore suitable alternatives, and determining appropriate resources and referrals
• Insight Strategies- include facilitating the discovery of conflicts, helping the client understand cognitions, dealing with the client’s conscious, unconscious, and altered conscious thoughts
• SQUARELY -This means demonstrating that you want to listen and are giving the message that you are there for the person. Sitting absolutely squarely is may be a little threatening so instead try placing your seat at a 45-degree angle to the speaker
• OPEN posture -This means that you need to convey to the service-user you are not feeling defensive towards them and are open to their communication. You would do this by uncrossing your arms and legs
• LEAN towards the speaker - Doing this indicates to the person that you are interested in what they have to say. You need to be careful not to lean forward too far and invade the speaker’s personal space.
• E Maintain good EYE contact - This means maintaining steady eye contact with the speaker rather than eye contact
• E Maintain good EYE contact - This means maintaining steady eye contact with the speaker rather than eye contact
• R- Be relatively RELAXED and natural - This means not fidgeting, or playing with items such as your pen, or fiddling with your hair. Keep your hands still and try also to keep your expressions calm and relaxed.
• Structuring - This involves describing the role and function of the
• Structuring - This involves describing the role and function of the
• BODY LANGUAGE- posture, gesticulations, frequency of shifts of position, breathing patterns
• BODY LANGUAGE- posture, gesticulations, frequency of shifts of position, breathing patterns
• FACIAL EXPRESSION- color changes, tightening of facial muscles, quivering of lips, tics, etc
• CLOTHING and ACCESSORIES
• Active Listening is a procedure that helps clients tell their story and feel connected and understood by a caring and interested person.
• LISTENING with a “THIRD EAR”
• Active listening

  Dont's

  1.day dreaming

  2. Labeling

  3. Scoring points

  4. Mind reading

  5. Rehearsing

  6. Cherry picking

  7. Interrupting

  8. Dueling

  9. Side stepping sentiment
• DAYDREAMING- losing attention, thoughts wandering
• LABELLING- putting the other person into a category before hearing evidence
• LABELLING- putting the other person into a category before hearing evidence
• SCORING POINTS- relating everything you hear to your own experience
• SCORING POINTS- relating everything you hear to your own experience
• MIND READING- predicting what the other person is thinking
• REHEARSING- practicing your next lines in you head
• CHERRY-PICKING- listening for a key piece of information and then switching off
• INTERRUPTING- being unable to resist giving advice
• DUELING- countering the speaker’s verbal advances with parries and thrusts of your own
• DUELING- countering the speaker’s verbal advances with parries and thrusts of your own
• SIDE-STEPPING SENTIMENT- countering expressions of emotion with jokes or clichés
• PARAPHRASING- this can be useful after a client has talked at some length about a particular situation or problem. Paraphrasing allows the counselor to communicate that he or she has not only heard the client but understands what has been said. A paraphrase should be “tentatively” worded so that the client can correct the counselor if necessary
• REFLECTION OF FEELING- this involves the counselor reflecting what he or she senses the client is feeling. It communicates that the counselor not only understands what the client is feeling, but also empathizes with the client
• MINIMAL ENCOURAGES- this technique allows the counselor to facilitate what the client is saying without changing the client’s line of thought. Minimal encourages include such words of acknowledgement such as “yes”, “mmm”, “ah-ha” or even nods
• CLARIFYING REMARKS- this can be used when the counselor either did not hear or does not understand what the client has said
• SUMMARIZING- this involves restating some of the major concerns the client has mentioned during a particular session. Summarizing can also lead to a “perception check” and to the development of problemsolving strategies
• PERCEPTION CHECK- this helps the counselor determine what the client wants to work
• FOCUSING/CONCRETENESS- this refers to helping the client discuss their concerns in specific terms. Clients can feel overwhelmed with their problems and have difficulty putting thigs into perspective.
• Understand defenses

  -This will enable the social worker to avoid unproductive and heavy confrontation with clients
• DENIAL- not accepting the reality of your own part in something difficulty or painful