1-5

• Chemistry


  Major focus on structure and properties
• Chemistry


  Central science
• Organic chemistry


  Study of molecules that contain carbon compound
• Inorganic chemistry


  Study of all compounds that do not contain carbon
• Organic


  Based on carbon
• Inorganic


  Not based on carbon
• Organic


  Covalent bonding
• Inorganic


  Ionic bonding
• Organic


  Low boiling and melting point
• Inorganic


  High boiling and melting point
• Organic


  Soluble in nonpolar solvent
• Inorganic


  Soluble in polar solvent
• Organic


  Complex structure
• Inorganic


  Simple structure
• Scientific method


  1. Observation

  2. Formulation of hypothesis

  3. Testing of hypothesis

  4. Generalization
• Observation


  As research are generally curious about their surrounding
• Formulation of hypothesis


  Tentative explanation for a set of observation
• Testing of hypothesis


  One that truly separates science from other discipline
• Generalization


  Concluding statement
• Matter


  Anything that has mass and volume
• Naturally occurring matter


  • Cotton
  • Sand
  • Digoxin
• Synthetic matter


  • Nylon
  • Styrofoam
  • Ibuprofen
• Physical properties


  Can be observed without the composition of materials (e.g. melting and melting point, solubility, color, and odor)
• Change in state


  Most common physical change
• Chemical properties


  How a substance can be converted to another substance
• Pure substance


  Single component and has constant composition, can't be broken down to another pure substance by any physical change
• Element


  Pure substance, can't be broken down by chemical reaction
• Compound


  Formed by chemically combining of 2 or more elements
• Mixture


  More than one component, can be separated into its component by physical changes
• Mass


  Measure the amount of matter in an object
• Weight


  Force that matter feels due to gravity
• Exact number


  Result from counting object is part of definition
• Inexact number


  Result from measurements and contain uncertainty
• Significant figures


  All digits measured number including one estimate Digit
• Significant


  All nonzero digits are always
• Positive exponent


  Move to right
• Negative exponent

  Move to left
• Fahrenheit


  Most common in US
• Celsius


  Most common used by scientists
• Density


  Relates the mass to its volume