RESPI

• Dyspnea - difficulty of breathing
• Cough: reflex response to stimuli to expel mucus or sputum and foreign bodies
• Wheezing: high-pitched whistling sound during exhalation caused by narrowed airways
• Rhonchi: low-pitched rattling sounds that occur with forced exhalation due to secretions in the bronchial tubes
• Stridor: loud, harsh noise heard when the vocal cords are partially obstructed
• Cough types: Acute (<3 weeks), Subacute (3-8 weeks), Chronic (>8 weeks)
• Sputum: mucoid(mild, clear), purulent(opaque, yellow)
• INSPECTION: back first, assess for CRAMP:

  C-Chest wall asymmetry

  R-Respiratory rate & pattern

  A-Accessory muscle use

  M-Masses

  P-Paradoxical Movement
• Barrel chest - A chest that is wide and flat, with a slight taper toward the shoulders.
• Pigeon chest - depressed lower sternum, A chest that is wider than it is deep, with a rounded back.
• Funnel chest - Anteriorly displaced sternum, A chest with a funnel-shaped opening at the bottom.
• Thoracic kyphosis - forward curvature of the thoracic spine, forming a C curve
• Paradoxical movement - uneven movement of chest wall, occurs on the injured chest side
• PALPATION: chest wall should feel smooth, warm, dry
• Bronchophony - should sound muffled
• Egophony - say "E", Muffled
• Whisphered pectoriloquy - whisper "1, 2, 3", indistinguishable