Defeat of the armada

• Who advised Elizabeth to change the design of the ship

  John Hawkins
• Give two ways that English ships were better than Spanish ships

  English ships were smaller so they were more more manoeuvrable , they were faster and had cannons that could fire consecutively
• give two disadvantages of the Spanish galleons

  They were larger and therefore slower their cannons were large and so took a longer time to be fired
• How did the Spanish like to fight

  They liked to pull up next to their enemy and then board their ship
• Why could the Spanish not board English ships 


  The English were to fast
• How many of the new warships did England have and what does it imply

  only 24 this implies that ship design as not the most important reason
• Who were the two leaders of the English attacks

  Sir Francis drake and lord howard
• Why were the English leaders an advantage

  They both had years of successively attacking the Spanish ships which meant they were confident
• Who was the leader of the Spanish Armada

  Duke of medina sidonia
• Why was the Spanish leadership a disadvantage to them

  He was picked after Phillips first choice died in 1587 he asked to be excused from the job as he was a soldier not a sailor and suffered from sea sickness
• What tactic did drake and Howard use when the Spanish were docked at Calais France

  they sent 8 fire ships
• What did the fire ships lead to

  caused the Spanish Ships to panic and break formation , this was significant because it was the first time the Spanish had broke formation and it made it easier for the English to attack
• Why is the Spanish leader not deal with the fireships more effectively 


  He did not have the experience to react
• When was drakes raid on Cadiz

  April 1587
• What the other name of the raid of cadiz 


  The singeing of the kings beard
• What were the Spanish doing at Cadiz 


  Building ships for the armarda invasion and gathering supplies
• What did drake do at Cadiz

  Over a three day period he destroyed around 30 ships and seized many tonnes of supplies including food and weapons
• What did drake do after the raid on Cadiz 


  He sailed along the coast of Spain and Portugal destroying supplies he also captured goods from Spanish ships
• How did the raid on cadiz help defeat the armada

  It brought Elizabeth an extra year to prepare of the armada and it affected the morale of the Spanish troops and sailors , as drake captured over 1000 tones if seasoned wood used to make barrels to carry food and water meaning the Spanish and supply problems
• What impact did English victory have on the English navy

  Showed the strength of the English navy
• What impact did victory have on exploration

  It encouraged more exploration as merchants felt more confident
• What impact did the victory gave in Elizabeth’s authority

  enhanced her authority she was able to portray her as a military victor
• What did victory suggest about Protestantism

  It suggested that God was on England’s side as the underdog had won
• what happened to English relations with the Netherlands

  Protestantism survived in Netherlands and England become strong allies
• What impact did the victory have on Spain 


  Spain’s prestige was broken , it was a financial and military set back for Spain and marked the gradual decline of the Spanish empire
• Who did Phillip plan to meet up with

  Duke of Parma was bringing 20,000 soldiers from the Netherlands
• Why did Phillip meeting the Duke of Parma make a weak plan

  Created communication problems , the Duke of Parma did not control any deep sea ports in which large ships needed so instead he had to use lots of small ships this meant he needed 2 days to load and set sail once word came from the Duke of medina- soldonia to join the Armada
• where did the Spanish need to wait for the Duke of Parma

  Calais in France
• What did waiting in france lead to

  The Spanish were sitting ducks as they were waiting for Parma so drake and Howard were able to send fire ships
• How important was the Spanish plan for the eventual failure of the Armada

  This was a key reason to why the Armanda failed because the battle in the English Channel the English had not been able to break down the Spanish , the english were only able to send in the fire ships as the Spanish were waiting for Parma in Calais
• how did the use of fire ships damage the armada

  they didn’t really cause damage they just caused the Spanish to panic and break formation
• Where did the spanish regroup and what was the battle that followed between the Spanish and English called

  Grave line - battle of graveline
• How did the weather help England

  The Spanish troops managed to regroup at graveline but the wind changed and blew many Spanish ships off course which made it easy for the English in the battle as the Spanish were out of formation
• What happened during the battle of graveline to Spanish boats 


  The battle lasted for many hours five Spanish ships were sunk but the rest of the Spanish ships were forced to sail away through the North Sea away from France most sailed sailed around Scotland to return to Spain. An English fleet made sure that they could not regroup with parmas army
• How important Was the change in the weather for the English victory

  Very important , without the change in the weather the Spanish may have had time to regroup and link up with Parma’s men the weather meant they could be deafeated