integ

• Functions of the Integumentary System

  • Waterproofs the body and prevents fluid loss
  • Intact (unbroken) skin plays important role in the immune system
  • It is the major receptor for the sense of touch
  • Helps the body synthesize vitamin D from the sun's ultraviolet light, while screening out harmful ultraviolet radiation
• Functions of Related Structures

  • Subcutaneous gland (also known as oil glands) secretes sebum that lubricates the skin and discourages the growth of bacteria on the skin
  • Sweat glands help regulate body temperature and water content by secreting sweat
  • Hair helps control the loss of body heat
  • Nails protect the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger
• Skin


  • Covers the external surface of the body
  • The term derma and cutaneous are both used to describe skin
  • Cutane means _____ and ous means _____
  • Skin is a complex system of specialized tissue and is made of three strata
• Sebaceous Glands


  • Secrete sebum, which is released through the ducts opening into the hair follicle
  • Lubricates the skin
  • Milk producing mammary glands, which are modified sebaceous glands, are often classified with integumentary system
• Sweat Glands


  • Tiny coiled glands found almost on all body surfaces
  • Most numerous in the palms of hands, soles of the feet, the forehead, and armpits
  • Sweat is secreted by sweat glands
  • Perspiring or secreting sweat is a means of excreting excess water
  • Hidrosis means production and secretion of sweat
• Hair


  • Hair are rod-like structures composed of tightly fused, dead protein cells filled with hard keratin
  • Hair follicle are the sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers
  • Arrector pili also known as erector muscles, are tiny muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles that causes the hair to stand erect
• Nail


  • Nail also known as unguis, is the keratin plate covering the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger
  • Consist of parts: Nail bed, Nail body, Free edge, Cuticle, Lunula, Root
• Major Structures and Related Combining Forms


  • Skin: Cutane/o, dermat/o, derm/o
  • Sebaceous Glands: seb/o
  • Sweat Glands: hidr/o
  • Hair: pil/i, pil/o
  • Nails: onych/o, ungu/o
• Skin Functions


  Intact skin is the first line of defense for the immune system. Skin waterproofs the body and is the major receptor for the sense of touch.
• Sebaceous Gland Functions


  Secrete sebum (oil) to lubricate the skin and discourage the growth of bacteria on the skin
• Sweat Gland Functions


  Secrete sweat to regulate body temperature and water content, and these glands excrete some metabolic waste.
• Hair Functions


  Aids in controlling the loss of body heat.
• Nail Functions


  Protect the dorsal surface of the last bone of each finger and toe.
• Medical Specialties Related to the Integumentary System

  • Dermatologist: Specializes in diagnosis and treating disorders of the skin
  • Cosmetic Surgeon (also known as plastic surgeon): Specializes in the surgical restoration and reconstruction of body structures.
• Pathology in the Integumentary System


  • Sebaceous Gland Disorders
  • Sweat Glands Disorders
  • Hair
  • Nails
  • Pigmentation
  • Surface Lesions
  • Fluid Filled Lesions
  • Lesion Through the Skin
  • Birth Marks
  • General Skin Condition
  • Bacterial Skin Infection
  • Fungal Skin Infections
  • Parasitic Skin Infection
  • Skin Growth
  • Skin Cancer
• Acne Vulgaris


  A chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by pustular eruption of the skin in or near the sebaceous gland.
• Comedo


  A lesion formed by buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle. Often associated with acne vulgaris.
• Sebaceous Cyst


  Is a cyst containing yellow, fatty material (a cyst is a closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material).
• Seborrheic Dermatitis


  Inflammation of the upper layers of the skin, caused by seborrhea.
• Seborrheic Keratosis


  Is a benign flesh colored, brown or black skin tumor. These growth tend to occur most often in the elderly.
• Anhidrosis


  Is the condition of lacking or being without sweat. An means without, hidr means sweat, and osis means abnormal condition.
• Hyperhidrosis


  Is a condition of excessive sweating.
• Miliaria


  Also known as heat rash, is an inflammation caused by trapped sweat. This produces skin rash and itching.
• Hirsutism


  Means abnormal hairiness. This term refers to the appearance of male body or facial patterns in females.
• Alopecia


  Also known as baldness, is the partial or complete loss of hair.
• Female/Male Pattern Baldness


  Condition in which the hair thins in the front and on the sides, sometimes known as crown. Common hair loss in men, with hairline receding from the front to the back until horseshoe shaped areas of hair remains in the back.
• Clubbing


  An abnormal curving and shine on the nails that is often accompanied by enlargement of the fingertips.
• Koilonychia


  Also known as spoon nail, is a malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out.
• Onychia


  Also known as onychitis, is an inflammation of the matrix of the nail.
• Onychocryptosis


  Means ingrown toenail.
• Onychomycosis


  Any fungal infection of the nail. May cause the nail to turn yellow, brown or black and become thick and brittle, depending on the type of fungus involved.
• Onychophagia


  Means nail eating or biting.
• Albinism


  Inherited deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes due to an abnormality in the production of melanin.
• Chloasma


  Also known as melisma or the mask of pregnancy, is a pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish colored spots on the face.
• Melanosis


  Is any condition of unusual deposits of black pigment in different parts of the body.
• Vitiligo


  A condition in which a loss of melanocytes results in whitish areas of the skin bordered by normally pigmented areas.
• Contusion


  An injury that does not break the skin and is characterized by swelling, discoloration and pain.
• Crust


  Collection of dried serum and cellular debris.
• Ecchymosis


  Purplish area caused by hemorrhaging (bleeding) within the skin.
• Macule


  Discolored, flat spot that is less than 1 cm in diameter. Freckles or flat moles are macules.