English Methodology 4th Qtr

• Methodology


  Detailed explanation and clear description of a research design which includes the techniques and procedures to collect and analyze relevant data, the sampling method and the criteria for subject selection or inclusion, and the tools or instruments necessary to carry out the research project
• Non-experimental study (survey)


  • Accessible setting
  • Examines a situation as it is without altering or controlling the behavior of participants
• Descriptive survey/survey research


  • Simple design that accounts for human activity
  • Involves presentation of questions to qualified participants and summary of responses to draw inferences about the research problem
  • Questions should not start with What, How, or Why
• Procedures


  1. Detailed, chronological steps to employ

  2. Duration of observation, interview, or survey and entire period of study
• Sampling


  • Representative of the population
  • Respondents, participants, or subjects who meet criteria for selection and will provide necessary data
• Data collection methods


  • Observation
  • Interview
  • Documentary analysis
  • Survey questionnaire
  • Experimentation
• Observation


  • Researcher records events seen
  • Focuses on respondents to capture particular aspects of behavior
  • May or may not directly participate
• Interview


  • Researcher asks well-constructed questions and may make follow-ups
  • Establishes rapport in face-to-face interview for highest response rate
  • Resorts to telephone interview for less time and expense
• Documentary analysis


  • Researcher uses existing or available information such as records, reports, and other documents
• Survey questionnaire


  • Participants give written responses in the survey form
• Experimentation (Quantitative research)


  • Researcher conducts series of experiments in actual setting with qualified respondents
  • Ensures validity or reliability of data
  • Seeks informed consent of respondents for ethical and legal purposes
• Instrumentation


  • Tools or devices used to collect necessary information
  • Aid observation, interview, and experimentation
  • Most common is the questionnaire with cover letter explaining rationale and content
• Likert scale


  Most common survey questionnaire uses 4-point or 5-point scale