SOCIAL AD: HEALTH DETERMINANTS

• The ___ ___ ___(HBM) was developed in the early 1950s by social

  scientists at the U.S. Public Health Service in order to understand the failure

  of people to adopt disease prevention strategies or screening tests for the

  early detection of disease.

  Health Belief Model
• HISTORY

  The Health Belief Model (HBM) was developed in the early ___ by ___ ___ at the U.S. Public Health Service in order to understand the failure

  of people to adopt disease prevention strategies or screening tests for the

  early detection of disease.

  1950s, social scientists
• HISTORY

  The Health Belief Model (HBM) was developed in the early 1950s by social

  scientists at the U.S. ___ ___ ___ in order to understand the failure

  of people to adopt disease prevention strategies or screening tests for the

  early detection of disease.

  Public Health Service
• HISTORY

  Later uses of HBM were for patients' responses to ___ and ___

  with medical treatments.

  symptoms, compliance
• HISTORY

  The ___ suggests that a person's belief in a personal threat of an illness or

  disease together with a person's belief in the effectiveness of the

  recommended health behavior or action will predict the likelihood the person will adopt the behavior.

  HBM
• HISTORY

  The HBM suggests that a person's belief in a personal threat of an illness or

  disease together with a person's belief in the effectiveness of the recommended health behavior or action will ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

  predict the likelihood the person will adopt the behavior.
• HISTORY

  The HBM derives from ___and ___ ___ with the

  foundation that the two components of health-related behavior are:

  1. the desire to avoid illness, or conversely get well if already ill; and,
  2. the belief that a specific health action will prevent, or cure, illness.

  psychological, behavioral theory
• HISTORY

  Ultimately, an individual's ___ ___ ___ often depends on the person's

  perceptions of the benefits and barriers related to health behavior.

  course of action
• HISTORY

  Ultimately, an individual's course of action often depends on the person's

  ____ of the benefits and barriers related to health behavior.

  perceptions
• HISTORY

  Ultimately, an individual's course of action often depends on the person's

  perceptions of the ___ and ___ related to health behavior.

  benefits, barriers
• What are the 6 Health Benefit Models? 4P CS

  1. Perceived Susceptibility
  2. Perceived Severity
  3. Perceived Benefits
  4. Perceived Barriers
  5. Cue to Action
  6. Self-Efficacy
• HEALTH BELIEF MODELS

  • This refers to a person's subjective perception of the risk of acquiring an illness or disease.

  Perceived Susceptibility
• HEALTH BELIEF MODELS

  • There is wide variation in a person's feelings of personal vulnerability to an illness or disease.

  Perceived Susceptibility
• HEALTH BELIEF MODELS

  • This refers to a person's feelings on the seriousness of contracting an illness or disease (or leaving the illness or disease untreated).

  Perceived Severity
• HEALTH BENEFIT MODELS

  • There is wide variation in a person's feelings of severity, and often a person considers the medical consequences (e.g., death, disability) and social consequences (e.g., family life, social relationships) when evaluating the severity.

  Perceived Severity
• HEALTH BENEFIT MODELS

  • This refers to a person's perception of the effectiveness of various actions available to reduce the threat of illness or disease (or to cure illness or disease).

  Perceived Benefits
• HEALTH BENEFIT MODELS

  The course of action a person takes in preventing (or curing) illness or disease relies on consideration and evaluation of both perceived susceptibility and perceived benefit, such that the person would accept the recommended health action if it was perceived as beneficial.

  Perceived Benefits
• HEALTH BENEFIT MODELS

  • This refers to a person's feelings on the obstacles to performing a recommended health action.

  Perceived Barriers
• HEALTH BENEFIT MODELS

  • There is wide variation in a person's feelings of barriers, or impediments, which lead to a cost/benefit analysis.

  Perceived Barriers
• HEALTH BENEFIT MODELS

  • The person weighs the effectiveness of the actions against the perception that it may be expensive, dangerous (e.g., side effects), unpleasant

  Perceived Barriers
• HEALTH BENEFIT MODELS

  • This is the stimulus needed to trigger the decision-making process to accept a recommended health action.

  Cue to Action
• HEALTH BELIEF MODELS

  • These cues can be internal (e.g., chest pains, wheezing, etc.) or external (e.g., advice from others, illness of family member, newspaper, article, etc.)

  Cue to Action
• HEALTH BELIEF MODELS

  • This refers to the level of a person's confidence in his or her ability to successfully perform a behavior.

  Self-Efficacy
• HEALTH BELIEF MODELS

  • This construct was added to the model most recently in mid-1980.

  Self-Efficacy
• HEALTH BELIEF MODELS

  • a construct in many behavioral theories as it directly relates to whether a person performs the desired behavior.

  Self-Efficacy
• HEALTH BELIEF MODEL

  MODIFYING FACTORS (2) DS

  1. Demographic variables
  2. Sociopsychological variables
• HEALTH BELIEF MODEL

  MODIFYING FACTORS: Demographic Variables (5) MASER

  1. Marital status
  2. Age
  3. Sex
  4. Ethnicity
  5. Race
• HEALTH BELIEF MODEL

  MODIFYING FACTORS: Sociopsychological variables (9)

  1. Geographic location
  2. Education
  3. Health knowledge
  4. Immigration status
  5. Income
  6. Wealth
  7. Personality
  8. Peer pressure
  9. Perceived control over behavior
• HEALTH BELIEF MODEL

  INDIVIDUAL BELIEFS (3) PEP

  1. Perceptions of Threat
  2. Perceived Self-Efficacy
  3. Evaluation of Behaviors to counter threat
• HEALTH BELIEF MODEL

  INDIVIDUAL BELIEFS: Perceptions of Threat (2) PP

  1. Perceived Susceptibility to Disease
  2. Perceived Severity of Disease
• HEALTH BELIEF MODEL

  INDIVIDUAL BELIEFS: Evaluation of Behaviors to Counter Threat (2) PP

  1. Perceived benefits of Prevention Action
  2. Perceived Barriers to Preventive Action
• HEALTH BELIEF MODEL

  ACTIONS (1)

  1. Individual Behaviors
• HEALTH BELIEF MODEL

  Actions: Individual Behaviors (1) B

  Behavior to reduce threat based on expectations
• HEALTH BENEFIT MODEL

  CUES TO ACTION (6) MISPAR

  1. Mass media
  2. Social Media
  3. Internet
  4. Advice from others
  5. Personal influence
  6. Reminders
• Limitations of HBM:

  • It does not account for a person's attitudes, beliefs, or other individual determinants that dictate a person's acceptance of a health behavior. T OR F?

  T
• Limitations of HBM:

  • It does take into account behaviors that are habitual and thus may inform the decision-making process to accept a recommended action (e.g., smoking). T OR F?

  F, IT DOES NOT
• Limitations of HBM:

  • It does not take into account behaviors that are performed for health-related reasons such as social acceptability. T OR F?

  F, NON-HEALTH-RELATED
• Limitations of HBM:

  • It does account for environmental or economic factors that may prohibit or promote the recommended action. T OR F?

  F, DOES NOT
• Limitations of HBM:

  • It assumes that everyone has access to equal amounts of information on the illness or disease. T OR F?

  T
• Limitations of HBM:

  • It assumes that cues to action are widely prevalent in encouraging people to act and that "health" actions are the main goal in the decision-making process. T OR F?

  T