Module 6

• Business organizations

  -Face ethical challenges in the workplace and in managing their employees

  -That place employees at the core of their strategies produce higher long-term returns to shareholders
• Employee-related issues

  Contractualization of employees or known as “endo” (end of contract).
• Employee-related issues

  Fairness at work
• Business organizations

  • Face ethical challenges in the workplace and in managing their employees
  • That place employees at the core of their strategies produce higher long-term returns to shareholders
• Employee-related issues

  • Contractualization of employees or known as "endo" (end of contract)
  • Fairness at work
  • Care and concern for employees
  • Immediate supervisor or manager handling the employees
  • Incentives, recognitions, and benefits
• Employment Relationship


  May give rise to ethical issues of power, authority, obligation, responsibility, fair treatment, and expectations
• Termination of Employment Due to Authorized and Just Causes


  • Just Cause
  • Authorized Causes
• Just Causes

  • Serious misconduct
  • Willful disobedience
  • Gross and habitual neglect of duty
  • Fraud or breach of trust
  • Commission of a crime of offense against the employer, his or her family, or representative
• Authorized causes

  • Installation of labor-saving devices
  • Redundancy
  • Retrenchment to prevent losses
  • Closure and cessation of business
  • disease/illness
• Due Process


  • Includes effective mechanisms and procedures
  • Gives an employee the right to appeal the disciplinary action, present his or her position, and be treated impartially
  • Company's set of guidelines
• Termination of Employment


  • Requires the observance of due process
  • Important that an employer follows the due process procedures
  • Termination process must meet the substantial and procedural requirements
• Health, Safety, and Security


  • Are intangible assets that employees have
  • Has instrumental and intrinsic values
• In compliance with the constitutional mandate to safeguard the workers' social and economic well-being as well as their physical safety and health
• Discrimination

  Being in favor of or against a person based on group, age, social class, gender orientation, race, religion, or any category to which that person belongs rather than on individual merit
• Republic Act No. 10911 or the Anti-Age Discrimination in Employment Act was passed, and this law is intended to prohibit age discrimination in employment
• Diversity

  • Refers to the presence of differing culture, race, religion, language, ethnicity, gender, ability, experience, age, social class, and other categories in the workplace
  • Business organizations and employees must learn to deal with people whose background, work style, or capability differ from yours, and you try to balance each person's characteristics in order to finish the task assigned to you
• Gross


  Something that is serious or severe
• Gross misconduct

  A specific type of gross behavior or action that warrants immediate termination of employment