21. Religious situation in 1553

• Mary made a proclamation

  16 August 1553
• Mary's proclamation stated


  She intended to proceed cautiously, but also making it clear that she intended to observe the Catholic religion
• What happened when Mary become Queen?

  Bells were rung and parliament opened with a sung mass, although this was officially illegal
• What happened at Oxford?

  • Chalices reappeared
• What happened on the 23rd August?


  An altar and cross were set up at St Nicholas Cole Abbey in London
• What happened the following day after an altar and cross were set up at St Nicholas Cole Abbey?

  This practice was followed by six other churches across London
• How many turned out for Mary's coronation?

  Large numbers
• What happened in August 1553?


  Mary issued a proclamation outlawing the discussing of controversial religious teaching in English and outlawing t
• What happened in Sept 1553?


  Archbishop Cranmer, Hugh Latimer, John Hooper, John Rogers, and others were arrested
• What happened in October 1553?


  Parliament met and refused to repeal the Act of Supremacy, but it did pass the Act of Repeal
• What was the act of repeal?

  It undid the religious changes under Edward and restored the religious situation to that of 1547 under the Act of S
• What did the act of repeal revive?

  The mass and clerical celibacy
• What happened in December 1553?


  Mary gave up the title of supreme head of the church
• What happened in January 1554?


  Mass exodus of Protestants to Germany and Switzerland
• How many Protestants moved to Germany and Switzerland?

  Around 800
• What happened in March 1554?


  Royal injunctions were issued and Protestant bishops were removed from their offices
• What did royal injunctions order?


  Bishops to suppress heresy, remove married clergy, and restore holy days, processions and ceremonies.
• Why were some married clergy reinstated?

  When they conformed
• What happened in April 1554?


  Parliament initially rejected the reintroduction of the heresy laws but then did pass them once promises were ma
• What happened in November 1554?
• What was the second act of repeal?


  Undid all anti-papal legislation since 1529, but did protect those who had bought church land since 1536
• What happened in January 1555?


  The act of repeal revoking the royal supremacy was passed
• What happened in February 1555?


  John Rogers, a biblical translator, became the first Protestant martyr of the reign when he was burnt
• What happened on the 16 October 1555?


  Bishops Latimer and Ridley were burned for heresy in Oxford
• What happened in December 1555?
• What did the replacement of Gardiner mean for Mary?

  A key restraining influence on her was removed
• What happened in February 1556?


  Pole set up the London Synod (a religious council), which attempted to carry out positive changes
• What did the London Synod do?


  Demanded that priests should be resident in their parishes and stressed the need to end pluralism
• What happened on the 21 March 1556?


  Cranmer was burned at the stake, despite having previously recanted
• What happened in November 1558?


  Mary and Pole died