QUIZ 1

• Formulating Evaluative Statements - Giving a better explanation to show the strength and weaknesses of something through writing.

  ■ Presenting a value judgment based on a set of criteria.
• How to formulate evaluative statements?

  • Formulating Assertions
  • Formulating Counterclaims
• Assertion - to make a declaration or express a strong belief on a particular topic, often without evidence.
• Types of assertion

  • Statement of Fact
  • Statement of Convention
  • Statement of Opinion
  • Statement of Preference
• Statement of Fact - can be proven objectively by direct experiences, testimonies of witnesses, etc.
• Statement of Opinion - based on facts but are difficult to objectively verify because of the uncertainty of producing satisfactory proofs of soundness.
• Statement of Convention - something is done, like traditions and norms. Depends on historical precedent, laws, rules, usage, and customs.
• Statement of Preference - are based on personal choice, therefore, they are subjective and cannot be objectively proven or logically attacked.
• Counterclaim - claims made to rebut a previous claim. They provide a contrasting perspective to the main argument.
• Hedges - word or phrase that minimizes negative impact of a criticism. Hedges could come from different forms such as:

  • Modals (may, could, would, etc.)
  • Frequency adverbs (usually, generally, commonly)
  • Probability adverbs (probably, possibly, presumably)