Distillation

Cards (11)

  • Distillation
    A process used to separate mixtures
  • Types of distillation
    • Simple distillation
    • Fractional distillation
  • Simple distillation
    1. Heat solution
    2. Volatile component evaporates
    3. Vapour condenses
    4. Liquid collected
  • Uses of simple distillation
    • Separating liquid from solution
    • Obtaining pure water from seawater
  • Limitation of simple distillation

    Can only separate substances with very different boiling points
  • Fractional distillation
    1. Heat mixture
    2. Vapours at different temperatures collected separately
    3. Liquids with lower boiling points collected first
  • Propan-1-ol, methanol and ethanol have boiling points of 97 °C, 65 °C and 78 °C respectively
  • A student uses fractional distillation to separate a mixture of these compounds
  • Liquid collected in the second fraction
    Ethanol, as it has the middle boiling point of the three
  • Rutherford's experiment in 1909 provided evidence for the atomic model
  • Bohr's model of the atom proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed energy levels