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Chemistry paper 1
Distillation
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Sadiya Uddin
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Cards (11)
Distillation
A
process
used to
separate mixtures
Types of distillation
Simple
distillation
Fractional
distillation
Simple distillation
1.
Heat solution
2.
Volatile component evaporates
3.
Vapour condenses
4.
Liquid collected
Uses of simple distillation
Separating liquid
from
solution
Obtaining
pure water
from
seawater
Limitation of
simple
distillation
Can only separate
substances
with very
different boiling points
Fractional distillation
1.
Heat mixture
2.
Vapours
at
different
temperatures collected
separately
3.
Liquids
with
lower boiling points
collected first
Propan-1-ol
,
methanol
and
ethanol
have boiling points of
97
°C,
65
°C and
78
°C respectively
A student uses
fractional distillation
to separate a
mixture
of these compounds
Liquid collected in the second fraction
Ethanol
, as it has the
middle boiling point
of the
three
Rutherford's experiment in
1909
provided
evidence
for the
atomic
model
Bohr's model of the atom proposed that
electrons orbit
the
nucleus
in
fixed energy levels