cold enviroments

• polar and tundra envriroments are found in cold climates
• beneth the thin soil is a is a layer of permafros (frozen ground) holding trapped greenhouse gasses
• the cold climate causes plants to grow and decompose slowly, this means that the soil is relatively low in nutrience
• acrtic poppy- has a hairy stem to retaian heat
• plants have shallow roots because of the layer of permefrost
• plants are low- lying to protect from winds
• plants become dorment in the winter to conserve energy and to prepare for the next growing season
• polor bears are white to camoflage whith the ice
• polor bears have thick layers of fat and blubber to keep warm
• polor bears have closable nostralls for swimming
• bear berry adaptions:

  • bright red leaves to incoregae birds to eat them and distribute their seed when pooping
  • hairy stems to retain heat
  • small leathery leaves to help the plant retain water in dry conditions
• Alaska is located in north america, part of the united states
• alaskas four main opotunitys for development: fishing, mineral extraction, tourism, energy production
• in alaska 1 in ten people are impoyed in the fishing industy
• the fishing industry is a seasonal job
• tourists like alaska because of the wildlife, the northen lights
• the translasken pipeline carres oil from one side ofalaska to the other
• raised pipeline prevents permafrost from melting and allows carabu to migrate
• Alaska is a tundra climate, with not much rainfall and very strong winds.
• Average temperatures are below freezing for 8 months out of 12 there can make it hard to build
• in the summer, the permafrost melts making roads dangerous. this cuts off towns and villages, this limits trading and tourism witch effects gdp of alaska and stops it from developing
• in the winter alaska, temperatures can drop to - 30 c witch limits constrution because workes could get frostbite
• when permafrost melts, fondations of building sink into ground
• mining destroys ecosytems
• tourism can disrupt local wildlife
• over fishing effects food chain
• stratagies used to maintain cold enviroments: action by goverments, technology, international agreements, conservation griups
• technology- eg transalakan pipeline put on stilts
• conservation groups - eg wwf work with local comunitys to manage critical ecosystems
• international agreements- eg antartica only used for peaceful purposes, no disposal of nuclior waste on antartica
• oil spills ruin ecosytems