anatomy

Cards (52)

  • Herophilus
    Alexandrian physician, early performer of public dissections on human cadavers, Father of Anatomy
  • Andreas Vesalius
    Considered the Father of Modern Anatomy for his book "De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem" (Seven Books on the Fabric of the Human Body)
  • Erasistratus
    Best known for his works on human cadavers and his knowledge of the human body, considered the Father of Physiology
  • Body snatching
    Illicit removal of corpses from graves or morgues during the 18th and 19th centuries, cadavers sold to medical schools for anatomy study
  • The human body is often thought of as a complicated machine. In order for the machine to work, it must have all of its parts but in addition each of these parts must function optimally.
  • If organs or organ systems are not functioning properly, then the patient is described as having disease.
  • Anatomy
    The study of structures that make up the body and how those structures relate with each other
  • Subspecialties of anatomy
    • Gross anatomy
    • Microscopic anatomy (Histology)
    • Developmental anatomy
    • Embryology
  • Gross anatomy
    Studies body structure without microscope
  • Microscopic anatomy (Histology)
    Requires the use of microscope to study tissues that form the various organs of the body
  • Physiology
    The study of how the body and its parts work or function
  • Anatomy and physiology are studied together to give students a full appreciation and understanding of human body.
  • Anatomical position
    Universally accepted starting points for positional references to the body, subject standing erect and facing the observer, feet together, arms hanging at sides with palms facing forward
  • Anterior (or ventral) - describes the
    front or direction toward the front of
    the body. The toes are anterior to
    the foot.
  • Posterior (or dorsal) - describes the
    back or direction toward the back of
    the body. The popliteus is posterior
    to the patella.
  • Superior (or cranial) - describes a
    position above or higher than another
    part of the body proper. The orbits are
    superior to the oris.
  • Inferior (or caudal) - describes a
    position below or lower than another
    part of the body proper; near or toward
    the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or
    lowest part of the spinal column). The
    pelvis is inferior to the abdomen.
  • Lateral - describes the side or
    direction toward the side of the body. The thumb (pollex) is lateral to the
    digits.
  • Medial - describes the middle or
    direction toward the middle of the
    body. The hallux is the medial toe.
  • Proximal - describes a position in a limb
    that is nearer to the point of attachment
    or the trunk of the body. The brachium is
    proximal to the antebrachium.
  • Distal - describes a position in a limb that
    is farther from the point of attachment or
    the trunk of the body. The crus is distal to
    the femur.
  • Superficial - describes a position closer to the surface of the body. The skin is superficial to the bones.
  • Deep - describes a position farther from the surface of the
    body. The brain is deep to the skull.
  • A plane is an imaginary two- dimensional surface that passes through the body.
  • The Sagittal plane is the plane that divides
    the body or an organ vertically into right and
    left sides.
  • If this vertical plane runs directly down the
    middle of the body, it is called the
    midsagittal or median plane.
  • If it divides the body into unequal right and
    left sides, it is called a parasagittal plane or
    less commonly a longitudinal section.
  • The Frontal plane/Coronal planeis the plane that
    divides the body or an organ into an
    anterior (front) portion and a
    posterior (rear) portion.
  • The Transverse plane is the plane
    that divides the body or organ
    horizontally into upper and lower
    portions.
  • The dorsal (posterior) cavity and the
    ventral (anterior) cavity are the largest
    body compartments.
  • cranial cavity - houses the
    brain
  • the spinal cavity (or vertebral cavity) - encloses the
    spinal cord.
  • abdominal cavity - contains most of the digestive organs
  • pelvic cavity - contains the reproductive organs
  • thoracic cavity - contains the heart and lungs, which is located in the mediastinum
  • thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity - the two main subdivisions of the anterior cavity
  • diaphragm - forms
    the floor of the thoracic cavity and
    separates it from the more inferior
    abdominopelvic cavity.
  • abdominopelvic cavity - the largest cavity in the body
  • A serous membrane (also referred to a serosa) - is one of the thin membranes that cover the
    walls and organs in the thoracic and
    abdominopelvic cavities.
  • The pleura is the serous membrane that
    surrounds the lungs in the pleural cavity.