Types of cell and their structure.

• Types of organisms

  • Prokaryotes
  • Eukaryotes
• All living things are made of cells
• Eukaryotes


  Complex animal and plant cells, made up of eukaryotic cells
• Prokaryotes


  Smaller and simpler bacterial or fungi cell, made up of one singular prokaryotic cell, (a single-celled organism/ unicellular)
• Subcellular structures

  The different parts of the cell
• Animal cell components

  • Nucleus (contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell)
  • Cytoplasm (A gel like substance where most chemical reactions take place, also contains enzymes that control these reactions)
  • Cell membrane (Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out)
  • Mitochondria (Site of aerobic respiration, respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work)
  • Ribosomes (Protein synthesis)
• Plant cell components

  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell membrane
  • Mitochondria
  • Cell wall (made of cellulose, which supports the cells structure and strengthens it)
  • Vacuole (which contains cell sap and maintains water balance, keeping the cell turgid)
  • Chloroplasts (Where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant. They contain a pigment called chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy, need for photosynthesis)
• Bacterial cell components

  • Single circular strand of DNA, or small rings called Plasmids (This floats around in the cytoplasm and is less structured than a regular nucleus)
  • Cell wall
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell membrane
  • Flagella (a tail that helps them get around, it is built up over the course of their lifetime)