CDI QUIZ CHAPTER 7

• Crime Laboratory (Crime Lab)


  is the area or place where pieces of physical evidence brought for examination
• Physical Evidence


  refers to material or substance are found at the crimescene
• Forensic Expert


  Refers to those individual capable of utilizing forensic science in elucidating crime commission
• Forensic Science refers to the application of the principle of various sciences to provide answers to legal questions
• Forensic Science disciplines


  • Ballistics
  • Questioned Document Examination
  • Odontology
  • Forensic Medicine
  • Pathology
  • Toxicology
  • Serology
• Criminalistics


  Is defined as the examination, evaluation and providing of explanation to all physical evidence collected at the crime scene
• Criminalistics areas


  • Fingerprints
  • Blood and blood stains
  • Drugs
  • Hairs
  • Semen Stains
  • Firearm and tool marks
• Instrumentation


  Is the use of instruments or apparatuses in crime detection
• Instrumentation examples


  • Bullet Comparison Microscope
  • Fingerprint Comparator
  • Video-Spectral Microscope
• Forensic


  Latin term "FORUM" means "marketplace", a place where people gather for public discussion or public disputation
• Forensic

  Latin term "FORENSIS" means open court or public
• Forensic Ballistics


  Deals with the study of firearm to establish its identity through ammunition fired through them
• Ballistician


  Is the person who examines those fired bullets, fired cartridge case, suspected firearm
• Forensic Ballistics evidence


  • Fired Bullet
  • Fired Cartridge Case
  • Suspected Firearm
• The examination of firearm was founded on the principle that NO TWO FREARMS are exactly the same even if they are product of one manufacturer
• Tasks of Firearm Section

  • Test firing of all firearms
  • Comparison of fired bullet and fired cartridge case
  • Restoration of all serial number
  • Analysis of any firearm related incident
• Problems addressed by Ballistician

  • Given a fired bullet
  • Given a fired cartridge case
  • Given a fired bullet and a suspected firearm
  • Given a fired cartridge case and a suspected firearm
  • Given multiple fired bullets and a suspected firearm
  • Given multiple fired cartridge cases and a suspected firearm
  • Given a suspected firearm
• Questioned Document

  Refers to any material whereby the origin of the document or the identity of the author is unknown or the authenticity is doubtful
• Questioned Document Examination

  Is the act of making close and critical study of any material that seeks to determine the history of a document by technical or scientific processes
• Questioned Document Examiner

  Is the person responsible for the examination of a questioned document
• Commonly submitted for Questioned Document Examination

  • Forged Signature
  • Anonymous Letter
  • Forge Checks
  • Counterfeited paper bills
  • Questioned handwriting
• Collection of Document

  • Collected Standard
  • Requested Standard
  • Standard Document
• Forensic Odontology

  As human bone and teeth are the most durable part of the human body, this allows the forensic dentist (Odontologists) who is highly experienced in this field of expertise to aid in identifying unknown remains of an individual person and establishing the identity of specific bite marks
• Advantages of Forensic Odontology

  • Victims of mass disaster
  • Burned bodies
  • Dismembered bodies
  • Physically deformed bodies
• Limitations of Forensic Odontology

  • Not enough standards available as it is not the primary means of identification
  • No strict implementation of keeping dental records among dentistry
  • Dental profile of a person may change over a period of time
  • Bite marks on the person's skin may change depending on the pressure applied during biting and as the time pass
  • The questioned bite taken from the victim may not be the same with the bite taken under controlled environment or during the acquisition of standard
  • Instructions as to hoe the analysis must be undertaken (no standards)
• Mug Shot

  Is the standard taking of photographs among arrested suspects with front and side angles taken in one location
• Metric Photograph

  Is defined as a photograph taken with metric scale placed in the photo's border to show the actual size of the image
• Portrait Parle

  Is also known as spoken picture, is a method of describing in a detailed manner the human head which give emphasis on the different part
• Composite Drawing

  Is a graphical drawing of the suspects face drawn as an aid in establishing the identity of person who might have committed the crime
• Faithful Reproduction


  Simply means as correct and accurate reproduction based on how individual evidence was gathered and collected at the crime scene
• Digital Photography

  Is defined as an art and science in line with the process of producing or reproducing digital photographs and other digital images through the action of light and with the aid of digital camera and other digital devices
• Ways to reproduce digital images

  • Directly using a digital camera
  • Taking a photo from a video
  • Scanning a conventional photograph
• Sensitized Material

  Refers to any substance that is very sensitive to light and loses its value when exposed to the same, including film and photographic paper
• Development


  Simply means as the process of making the captured image visible
• Conventional photography


  Refers to the old means of reproducing a photographic image
• Forensic Toxicology is defined as the application of toxicology to aid in the medical and legal aspect of death investigation
• Forensic Toxicology applications


  • Drug Testing
  • Alcohol intake
  • Death investigation specifically in cases of poisoning
• Dose


  Simply refers to the quantity of the substance
• Forensic Serology


  Deals with the identification, detection and classification of the different bodily fluids found in the crime scene
• Serology tests

  • Presumptive Test
  • Confirmatory Test