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• THREADY FORM


  An indefinite connective form that looks flat and wavy
• VARIABILITY


  The degree to which the writing varies from the copybook model
• VARIATION


  The act or process of changing
• WORD SPACE


  The amount of space left between words
• WRITING CONDITION


  Both the circumstances under which the writing was prepared and the factors influencing the writer's ability to write at the time of execution. It includes the writer's position (sitting, standing, abed, etc.), the paper support and backing, and the writing instrument; writing ability may be modified by the condition of the writer's health, nervous state, or degree of intoxication
• WRONG-HANDED WRITING


  Any writing executed with the opposite hand that normally used; a.k.a. as "with the awkward hand." It is one means of disguise. Thus, the writing of a right- handed person which has been executed with his left hand accounts for the common terminology for this class of disguise as "left-hand writing"
• WRITING IMPULSE


  The result of the pen touching down on the paper and moving across the page, until it is raised from the paper
• Alignment


  The relation of parts of the whole of writing or line of individual letters in words to the baseline. It is the alignment of words or the relative alignment of letters.
• Angular forms


  • Sharp, straight strokes that are made by stopping the pen and changing direction before continuing.
• Arcade forms


  • Forms that look like arches rounded on the top and open at the bottom.
• Characteristics


  Any property or mark which distinguishes and in document examination commonly called to as the identifying details.
• Collation


  Side by side comparison; collation as used in this text means the critical comparison on side by side examination.
• Comparison


  The act of setting two or more items side by side to weigh their identifying qualities; it refers not only a visual but also the mental act in which the element of one item are related to the counterparts of the other.
• Disguised writing


  A writer may deliberately try to alter his usual writing habits in hopes of hiding his identity. The results, regardless of their effectiveness are termed disguised writing.
• Downstroke


  The movement of the pen toward the writer.
• Form


  The writer's chosen writing style. The way the writing looks, whether it is copybook, elaborated, simplified or printed.
• Garland forms


  • A cup-like connected form that is open at the top and rounded on the bottom.
• Gestalt


  The German word that means "complete" or "whole". A good gestalt needs nothing added or taken away to make it "look right". Also a school of handwriting analysis that looks at handwriting as a whole picture.
• Graphoanalysis


  The study of handwriting based on the two fundamental strokes, the curve and the straight strokes.
• Graphometry


  Analysis by comparison and measurement.
• Graphology


  The art of determining character disposition and amplitude of a person from the study of handwriting. It also means the scientific study and analysis of handwriting, especially with reference to forgeries and questioned documents.
• Handlettering


  Any disconnected style of writing in which each letter is written separately; also called handprinting.
• Letter space


  The amount of space left between letters.
• Line direction


  Movement of the baseline. May slant up, down, or straight across the page.
• Line quality


  The overall character of the ink lines from the beginning to the ending strokes. There are two classes: Good Line quality and Poor Line quality. The visible records in the written stroke of the basic movements and manner of holding the writing instrument is characterized by the term "line quality". It is derived from a combination of actors including writing skill, speed rhythm, freedom of movements, shading and pen position.
• Line space


  The amount of space left between lines.
• Manuscript writing


  A disconnected form of script or semi-script writing. This type of writing is taught in young children in elementary schools as the first step in learning to write.
• Margins


  The amount of space left around the writing on all four sides.
• Microscopic examination


  Any study or examination which is made with the microscope in other to discover minute details.
• B. QUALITY OF MOVEMENT 1. Clumsy, illiterate and halting 2. Hesitating and painful due to weakness and illness 3. Strong, heavy and forceful 4. Nervous and irregular 5. Smooth, flowing and rapid
• Finger Movement


  The thumb, the first, second and slightly the third fingers are in actual motion. Most usually employed by children and illiterates.
• Hand Movement


  Produced by the movement or action of the whole hand with the wrist as the center of attraction.
• Forearm Movement


  The movement of the shoulder, hand and arm with the support of the table.
• Whole Forearm Movement


  Action of the entire arm without resting. i.e., blackboard writing.
• Rhythm


  A succession of connected, uniform strokes working in full coordination, manifested by clear-cut accentuated strokes which increase and decrease in which like perfect cones, with pressure always in a state of change moving from light to heavy or from heavy to light
• Lack of rhythm


  • Characterized by a succession of awkward, independent, poorly directed and disconnected motions
• Importance of rhythm


  By studying the rhythm of the succession of strokes, one can determine if the writer normally and spontaneously or write with hesitation as if he is attempting to for another signature
• Letter of connections


  Determine the essential expression of the writing pattern, a mean indicator of the neuromuscular function, words are formed by connection letters to one another, even letters are formed by the joining of the upward and downward strokes
• Arcade


  • A rounded stroke shaped like an arch, a slow mode of connection resulting from controlled movements
• Garland


  • Links the downward stroke to the upstrokes with a flowing curve swinging from left to right, an easy, effortless mode of connection, written with speed