extent people feel they are in control of their own situation.
external= behaviour is beyond their control (obey)
internal= they are responsible for their actions (resist)
consistent with Milgrams research, many said they obeyed due to experimenter having finalresponsibility.
authoritarianism?
trait characterised by hostility toward minority groups. They are typically submissive to authority.
Adorno created F-scale as a measure, research shows higher scale=more likely to obey
evidence supporting authoritarian trait?
Milgram and Elms(66) compared F-scale to 20 obedient/defiant Ps involved in Milgrams experiments. obedient Ps had a higher F-scale, defiant group showed more socialresponsiblilty.
Dambrun and Vatine (2010) simulation of Milgram using virtualenvironment, also seen high authoritarian scores=obedience.
empathy?
it is thought that people who are more empathetic will be more obedient.
Burger 2009 investigated, people who score high on empathy were more likely to protest against giving shocks but it didn't translate to lower levels of obedience.