gender

• what would be predicted?

  women might be less obedient due to being more empathetic and stereotypically comply with male authority.
• Milgram?

  gender has no effect. found 40 female teachers that were virtually identical to male Ps in original experiment with obedience rate of 65% but level of anxiety was much higher.

  • also seen in Burgers replication 2009.
• Blass?

  • found obedience was consistent between males and females across 9/10 obedience studies.
  • meta analysis showed only Kilham and Mann found gender differences.
• Kilham and Mann 1974?

  gender has an effect. Replication of Milgrams study in Australia and found women were far less obedient (16%) than men (40%).

  • may have been due to Male Ps being pared with male learners and female with female. Female teacher may have felt solidarity with female learner os more inclined to disobey experimenter.