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• roaring twenties (ford)

  1920s - almost 20 million cars
• winners and losers

  rich got richer - higher production, lower taxes
• winners and losers

  gap between rich and poor
• flappers

  women who enjoyed new freedoms
• traditional industries

  coal miners, wool factory workers lost jobs (modern forms of fuel and fabrics)
• winners and losers

  slump in agricultural prices after WW1 - farms were in debt and went bankrupt
• leisure

  new forms of cultural and artistic entertainment - jazz, cinema, sports stars
• leisure

  1930 - 100 million people went to a cinema each week
• land of opportunity?

  land of immigrants - 40 million moved between 1850-1914
• land of opportunity?

  1921-1924 - limit of number of immigrants
• land of opportunity?

  immigrants from italy (catholic), east europe + russia (jewish) faced discrimination
• land of opportunity?

  black americans (mainly south) - faced discrimination and violence
• land of opportunity?

  jim crow laws (south) - segregated black and white americans
• land of opportunity?

  klu klux klan - racist terrorist group (1925 - 5 million members) threatened to kill black americans
• land of opportunity?

  famous films ('the birth of a nation') - spread racist ideas about black americans
• the red scare

  russian revolution - turned russia to communism
• the red scare

  us citizens scared - increased suspicion and hostility to people from russia and east europe (trade unionists, socialists, communists)
• the red scare

  1919 - bomb destroyed Palmer's house (attorney general)
• the red scare

  palmer raids - called for the arrest of over 6000 suspected communists (imprisoned or deported)
• the red scare

  1921 - italian born immigrants sacco and vanzetti - arrested for robbery and murder, anarchists (unfair trial)

  1927 - executed
• prohibition

  1920-1933 - production and selling alcohol forbidden (cause - political pressure from religious and moral campaigns)
• prohibition

  1500 agents employed by federal government to enforce law
• prohibition

  organised crime took over alcohol production, set up bars (speakeasies)
• prohibition

  criminals got so rich they bribed police, judges and border guards
• prohibition

  al capone - famous gangster, 2 million a week from illegal activites
• the great depression

  1929 - wall street crash (sudden and dramatic end to boom)
• the great depression

  black thursday - 13 million shares sold on stock market, values plummeted
• the great depression

  trade across the world fell by 1/3, countries stopped buying goods
• the great depression

  1932 - 13 million unemployed (25 percent of workers lost job)
• the great depression

  unemployed lost their homes, forced to live in slums (hoovervilles - after president)
• the great depression

  1 in 20 farmers evicted
• president hoover's response

  republican - rugged individualism
• president hoover's response

  made 300 million available to create jobs, only 30 million used
• president hoover's response

  grew increasingly unpopular, seemed like his government not doing anything to help
• fdr - new deal

  1932 - democrat, promised to help
• fdr - new deal

  closed banks and only opened secure ones (helped financial sector), ended prohibition (gov could tax alcohol), introduced alphabet agencies
• fdr - alphabet agencies

  civil works administration (cwa) - 4 million temporary jobs
• fdr - alphabet agencies

  agricultural adjustment agency (aaa) - paid farmers to produce less, increase prices
• fdr - alphabet agencies

  federal emergency relief agency (fera) - 500 million and feeding and caring for homeless
• fdr - alphabet agencies

  national recovery administration (nra) - encouraged businesses to improve pay and conditions