Covalent bonding

• Covalent bonding is the bonding between non-metal atoms.
• Covalent bonds form when the atoms share electrons so that both atoms achieve full outer shells
• Substances formed with covalent bonding have simple molecular structures.
• The atoms are held together by very strong covalent bonds.
• The forces of attraction between these molecules are very weak. So melting and boiling points are very low.
• Most simple molecular substances are gases or liquids at room temperature.
• Simple molecular substances don't conduct electricity, because they have no free electrons or ions.
• Simple molecular substances are usually quite insoluble in water.