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sociology
unit 2
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Cards (22)
Preindustrial societies
Small
,
rural
,
dependent
on
local resources with few specialized occupations
Industrial societies
Have
more control
over the
impact of their surrounding
and thus
develop different cultural features
Post-industrial
/
information societies
Based
on the
production
of
information
and
services
,
not material goods
Functionalism
Focuses on
social solidarity
and
social facts
to
analyze society
Sees society as an
interconnected organism
Mechanical solidarity
Type of
social order
in
preindustrial societies
, maintained by
collective consciousness
Organic solidarity
Social order
in
industrial societies
, based on
acceptance
of
economic
and
social differences
Anomie
Situation
where
society lacks firm collective consciousness
,
experienced
in
times
of
social uncertainty
Conflict theory
Sees society as a
competition
for
limited resources
Identifies
conflict
between
bourgeoisie
(
owners
) and
proletariat
(
laborers
)
Alienation
Condition
where individual is
isolated
and
divorced
from
society
,
work
, or
sense
of
self
False consciousness
Beliefs
,
ideals
, or
ideology
of a
person
that are
not
in their
best interest
Class consciousness
Awareness
of one's
rank
in
society
Rational society
One built around
logic
and
efficiency
rather than
morality
or
tradition
Iron cage
Situation
where individual is
trapped
by
institutions
and
bureaucracy
McDonaldization
Increasing
presence
of
fast food business model
in
social institutions
Includes efficiency
,
predictability
,
calculability
, and
control
McDonaldization
Reduced variety
and
uniformity
of
products
, but also
increased availability
and
profits
Contemporary efforts
can be referred to as "
de-McDonaldization
":
farmers
markets,
microbreweries
, and various
do-it-yourself
trends
Even McDonald's
seems to be
de-McDonaldizing itself
with
recent advertising
and
products
emphasizing
individuality
Groups like political parties are
prevalent
in our lives and provide a significant way to
understand
and
define
ourselves
Groups
are
enduring social units
that help
foster shared value systems
and are
key
to the
structure
of
society
The
functionalist perspective
is a
big-picture
,
macro-level view
that looks at how different
aspects of society are intertwined
The
conflict perspective
is a
microanalytical
view that focuses on the
genesis
and
growth
of
inequality
The
symbolic interaction perspective
analyzes groups on a
micro-level
, looking at the
day-to-day interactions
of groups