Field Methods

• Quantitatitve research is characterized by deductive approach, aimed at proving and disproving existing theories.
• Values under quantitative are neutrality, objectivity and statistical knowledge from a large sample.
• Quantitative research primary aim is to explain and evaluate.
• Qualitative Research is characterzied by inductive approach, exploratory, and descriptive.
• Values under qualitative are subjective experciences, meaning-making processes and knowledge from a small sample.
• Qualitative research primary aim is to explore and describe.
• Mix Methods Research involves with integrating qualitative and quantitative research.
• Arts-based research involves adapting creative arts with social research.
• The primary aim of Arts-based resarch is to evoke, provoke and unsettle.
• Community-based participatory research involves a collboration between researchers and non stake holders like community members.
• CPBR AND MMR are both aiming for promoting community action.
• Paradigm a foundational perspective carrying a set of assumptions that guides research progress.
• Ontology a type of philosophical belief system that deals with the nature of the social world.
• Epistemology a philosophical belief system about how research proceeds and what counts as knowledge.
• Epistemological position understand the role between the researchers and the participants.
• The 5 Paradigms of Research are Post positivism, Interpretetive or Constructivist, Critical, Transformative and Pragmatic.
• Pospositivism aka Quantitative research, a belief system that aims to testing claims, including and identifying causal relationships.
• Interpretetive Or Constructivist aka Qualitative research a belief system that values people's subjective experciences thru social construction of reality or the everyday interaction.
• Critical Belief system tackles overeaching categories such as feminism, indigenous,postmodernism etc.
• Transformative paradigm it can be Community based participatory resarch or Qualitative research because it involve social action and politics aiming to make a change.
• Pragmatic Paradigms or the Mix Methods Research believes that there is no particular set of rules or theories but suggest that different tools maybe useful in different type of research context.
• Quantitative designs are composed of experimental and non experimental designs.
• Experimental designs are, true experiment, quasi-experimental and single-subject experiment.
• Applied behavioral analysis or single-subject experiment is a experimental research design that involve a treatment of a single person for a long period of time.
• Causal-comparative research is a type of research that compares two or more groups of people to determine whether one group is different from another
• Correlational design: A design in which the researcher attempts to establish a relationship between two or more variables.
• Survey research is a type of research that involves collecting data from a large number of people.
• Cross sectional studies are studies that compare the health of a group of people at one point in time
• Longtudinal studies are studies that have been conducted over a long period of time.
• Grounded Theory is a systematic qualitative research methodology used to develop theories grounded in data. It allows researchers to explore and explain complex phenomena based on the lived experiences of participants.
• Narrative research studies that live of one or more individuals and analyze their stories.
• Phenomenological research involves people subjective experciences about a phenomena.
• Ethnography: the scientific description of peoples and cultures with their customs, habits, and mutual differences.
• Case Studies: A study that focuses on a single case or a small group of cases.
• Convergent Mixed methods: A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods.
• Methodological Triangulation is when multiple methods are used to gather data.
• Ethics comes from the Greek Word ethos, which means character.
• Philiosophical dimensions is based on the value system.
• Praxis Dimension: The ability to apply knowledge and skills to real-life situations.
• Morality: principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour