atomic structure

• the atomic structure

  the nucleus: contains protons and neutrons
• the atomic structure 


  the electrons are orbiting around the nucleus
• protons

  relative mass: 1

  relative charge: +1
• neutrons mass/charge

  relative charge: 0

  relative mass: 1
• electrons mass/charge

  relative charge: -1

  relative mass: 1/1836
• element


  an element contains a lot of atoms of the same kind
• protons charge

  ++++++

  have a positive charge

  in the nucleus
• neutrons

  
  

  neutral

  have no charge

  in the nucleus
• electrons

  ---------

  have a negative charge

  move around the center of the atom
• group number 


  the number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom
• period number 


  the number of shells found in an atom
• what are shells

  electrons are arranged around the nucleus in groups called shells

  
  

  the shells are numbered starting at the center and working outwards
• electronic configurations 


  the electronic structure of an atom is the arrangement of the electrons around the nucleus of the atom. this can be shown as a list of numbers
• H


  Hydrogen
• He

  helium
• LI

  Lithium
• Be

  beryllium
• B


  boron
• C

  Carbon
• N

  nitrogen
• O

  Oxygen
• F

  fluorine
• Ne

  Neon
• Na

  sodium
• Mg

  magnesium
• Al

  aluminium
• Si

  silicon
• P

  phosphorous
• S


  sulfur
• Cl

  chlorine
• Ar

  argon
• K

  Potassium
• Ti

  titanium
• Cu

  copper
• about the periodic table

  each element has a different number of protons
• what is an atomic number (definition )

  number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
• mass number ( definition )

  Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
• calculating number of protons, neutrons and electrons of an atom

  number of neutrons= mass number- atomic number
• the max number of electrons in each shell differs:

  the first shell can hold up to 2 electrons

  the second shell can hold up to 8 electrons

  the third shell can hold up to 8 electrons